178 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



Mr. Rilev — It was quite warm enough for them to fl}', and they 

 tried to get to the light because they imagined the window a hole of escape. 

 Though the moth is nocturnal, it can nevertheless discriminate between 

 light and dark. Following its natural instincts, it wants to get to the 

 orchard. It does not understand that there is a window there, or glass. 

 That is the reason that it beats upon the glass. 



A Member — Do not codling moths fly around our lamps in the eve- 

 ning ? 



Mr. Rilev — The codling moth is very rarely found around our 

 lamps. I have tried it, and even where insects pattered on my windows 

 and got into the room, making a noise like a hailstorm, I would very 

 rarely find codling moths among them, though I knew they were abun- 

 dant — there were apple trees infested by them, not two rods away. 



Mr. Burrill — Is it known whether they eat any thing ? 



Mr. Rilev — The moth has a short tongue, and may feed to a slight 

 extent on liquid sweets ; but that it is attracted by sweets I do not think. 

 But certain kinds of beetles which prey upon it are so attracted. 



To give you briefly a summary : The codling worm is an imported 

 insect. Place no confidence in the light and bottle systems, but rely on 

 bandages ; have your bandages on by the first of June ; examine them 

 six weeks after the blossom falls, and then four times subsequently, at 

 intervals of ten days, and then once when the fruit is gathered ; be sure 

 to destroy the cocoons in storehouse ; and, lastly, encourage winter birds. 



THE grape phylloxera. 



This is an insect attracting much attention just now, and which holds 

 a prominent place in entomological literature. To many, the name is 

 void of meaning. It is a term derived from the Greek, meaning " with- 

 ered leaf," and used to designate a peculiar species of plant louse. First 

 it was applied to a species which causes a withered appearance of the 

 leaves of the oak in Europe. 



Our grape-vine species has acquired such prominence that the gen- 

 eric term has come to be used in a broader sense, so as to indicate both 

 the insect and the disease it produces. 



The first published reference to this insect was made about the year 

 1856 by the State Entomologist of New York. Dr. Fitch knew so little 

 of the insect, as we understand it, that he not only referred it to the wrong 

 genus, but he did not perfectly describe it. 



The next reference to it was by myself, in 1866. Then it was treated 

 of by Dr. Walsh, and by Dr. Shimer, of Mount Carroll. These authors 

 referred to the gall-making insect, and our friend, Dr. Le Baron, shows 

 by his last article on the subject that he does. Even Mr. A. S. Fuller, 

 of New Jersey, Vhose vines have suffered from its injuries, and on whose 

 place I spent some time last fall, examining the louse, in the last article 

 in which he has referred to this subject, goes on to say that the insect 

 causes a stoppage of sap in the roots by a deposition of its eggs, which is 

 wide of the mark. It is by the puncture of the louse for food that the 



