STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 181 



the large roots, and the lice we find on the roots are always tubernilous. 

 The gall-inhabiting tbrm exists only in the wingless female sex; but on 

 the roots, about as early as the first of July, you will find winged individ- 

 uals appearing. This root form presents us with individuals of l)Oth sexes. 

 In the male the body is shorter than in the female. In July, and all along 

 after then, they are becoming wingod insects. 



These insects spread over the ground — wingless and winged — they 

 also crawl along the roots under ground. The winged female is always 

 burdened with from three to five eggs. These few eggs are probably 

 deposited in the fuzzy matter of the vine. 



So that you see the insect can be transported either in new vines or 

 on cuttings. This will explain how it was first introduced into France, 

 some ten years ago, or perhaps longer. The winged insect also flies, and 

 deposits eggs in neighboring vineyards. 



JVota for the remedies. To destroy the gall form we would have to 

 simply pluck and destroy the leaves, and thus get rid of it ; but it is 

 different with the insect in the ground, which is not so easily reached. 

 While they are on the small roots the evidence of their work is less con- 

 r^picuous, but as the roots waste away the symptoms become more acute, 

 and at this stage of the disease the lice have generally left. A small 

 number of root lice produce no serious effects on the vine ; it is only 

 when they are very numerous, and cause not only the fibrous roots, but 

 even the large roots, to waste away, that the disease becomes serious. 



As a remedial or preventive measure, I have urged grafting of the 

 more tender varieties on roots of those that are stronger. Most of our 

 native varieties are strong, as you know, and the tougher-rooted varieties 

 resist the puncture of the louse more than the others do. 



I notice in your last report a great deal said about the death of vines, 

 but not a word about the work of this insect. The weakness of the Ca- 

 tawba, and the weakness and failure of European varieties, are spoken of, 

 but not attributed to the right cause, which is the Phylloxera. 



