76 THE AGRICULTURE OF THE 



of Cliiny. The avera^^^e rental in the neighbourhood of this farm 

 is 25s. The soil is generally very good, resting on red clay and 

 gravel, and some patclies of moss. The rotation is universally 

 Ihe live-shift system, but on light land three years' grass is very 

 suitable. Barley on Garlickhill yields from 3 quarters to 6 

 quarters per acre, or an average of about 4h quarters, and 

 weighs 56 lbs. ; oats return about 5 quarters, weighing 40 lbs., 

 aud rarely 45 lbs. per bushel. The stubble land, in the end of 

 the year, is ploughed from 8 to 10 inches deep; and when the 

 land is tolerably dry, the drills are opened at an average width 

 of 27 inches. Twenty loads of dung are given to the acre of 

 land, and is spread along the drills, and in addition to this about 

 £2 worth of artificial manure is allowed per acre. It consists 

 of crushed and dissolved bones, a little phosphates, and about 2 

 cwt. of salt. For potatoes, a proportion of the oldest grass land 

 on the farm is heavily dunged before it is broken up, aud when 

 the drills are opened about 4 cwt. artificial manure is deposited 

 per acre. Mr Mackintosh has drained a great breadth of land, 

 and for money advanced by the landlord for the work he pays 

 13 J per cent. Five polled and five cross cows are usually kept 

 for breeding and dairy purposes. The bull is of the shorthorn 

 breed. The young stock are sold off when three-quarters old, as 

 the tenant finds it more lucrative to keep a number of cows, and 

 sell milk to the neighbouring villagers, than to keep feeding 

 cattle. The pasture of the farm is let for sheep wintering, along 

 with nearly one-third of the turnips, which are consumed on the 

 field. Horses are of medium size, and well bred. Wages for 

 farm servants have nearly doubled since 1855 on this farm. 

 Men have from £10 to £15 with board ; women and boys, £5 to 

 £6 per half year. Kents in this parish are reckoned to have risen 

 from 10 to 15 per cent, since 1850. Wheat-growing in this county 

 has ceased, and more attention is devoted to the breeding and 

 feeding of stock. Far more potatoes are grown now than twenty- 

 five years ago. Probably the higher prices of beef and potatoes 

 make up for the absence of wheat, while the expense of ex- 

 traneous feeding-stufts is returned in beef and manure. The 

 tenant is of opinion that freedom of cropping, subject to the 

 laws of good husbandry, coupled with greater liberality on the 

 part of the proprietors in respect of permanent improvements, 

 such as building and drainage, would be beneficial, but that 

 everything else must be left and settled by the common rules 

 of supply and demand. 



On the lands of Boath, the property of the late Sir James Dunbar, 

 Bart., is the farm of Bogside, occupied by Mr William Anderson. 

 Its total area is 103 acres, all arable, and it is rented at £2 per 

 acre. The soil is light, and the climate good. Mr Anderson 

 adopts the five-shift rotation. Cereals yield from 4 to 5 quarters 



