52 * THE AGRICULTURE OF THE 



been drained bv the owner since 1862. Like on most otlier 

 estates, the duration of lease is nineteen years, with entry at 

 Whitsunday on the usual conditions. Building and fencing is 

 executed by the landlord, and maintained by the tenant. Half 

 the cost of maintaining drains, cleaning ditches, painting wood, 

 and fire insurance, is paid by the landlord, and the other half by 

 the tenant. The average rental per acre throughout the pro- 

 perty is about 40s. Rents are paid in money at Candlemas 

 and Lammas. In regard to farm servants, grieves, cattlemen, 

 shepherds, and foremen are mostly married, while the younger 

 horsemen are single. Three cottages were erected prior to 1862, 

 while eight have been built since then. The five-shift course 

 has been pursued over the estate for many years. More cattle 

 are purchased by the tenantry than are bred, and the prevailing 

 breeds are crosses and black polled cattle. They are chiefly 

 bought when three-quarters old and sold as two-year-olds. 

 They are partly fed in stalls and partly loose in coarts. A good 

 deal of cake is used by some farmers. A flock of half-bred sheep 

 were kept on the estate till recently, but none are now kept 

 There are no crofts on the property. The home farm is about 250 

 acres in extent. 



In our progress westwards, we next come to the estates of 



Kinloss and Seapark, the property of Mrs Phoebe Dunbar 



Dunbar, on which stands the time-honoured ruins of Kinloss 



Abbey, both in the parish of Kinloss. The former of these is 



about 103 acres or thereby in extent. Mrs Dunbar has also a 



lease of the farm of Whiteinch, adjoining the Seapark estate, for 



which she pays a rent of £132 to Mr Munro Ferguson of jSTovar 



and Muirton. Seapark consists of policies round the mansion 



house, extending to about 12 acres. Mrs Dunbar Dunbar and 



her husband Mr Edward Dunbar Dunbar are, jointly, owners of 



the estate of Glen Eothes, in the parish of Rothes, extending to 



2500 acres. Great improvements have been made on both 



Kinloss and Glen Rothes estates during the past fifteen years, in 



erecting new buildings, and in fencing, draining, reclaiming, and 



planting. On the Glen Rothes estate, in particular, the farm 



buildings are almost all new, and have been built in the most 



m.odern and approved styles. The farm of Pitcraigie, on this 



property, has been subdivided with stone dykes and wire 



fencing, and in doing so it was found necessary to make a 



considerable length of good roads. In the construction of these 



about £350 were spent. About 2200 yards of dykes have been 



carefully built, with a nice taper towards the top, and are firmly 



coped and pointed with lime. On this farm 15 acres of land 



have been thoroughly drained. The drains were laid with pipes 



at the depth of 3 feet 6 inches. Above these pipes a slight 



covering of earth was first put on, followed by a covering of 



