144 THE AGEICULTUKE OF THE 



rotation, there were 25,220 acres ; permanent pasture or grass 

 not broken up in rotation (exclusive of heath or mountain land), 

 46,679 acres; llax, 64; and bare fallow or uncropped arable land 

 1956 acres. Of horses, including ponies, as returned by occupiers 

 of land, there were 4862, of which 3301 were returned as used 

 solely for purposes of agriculture, &c., and 1561 were nnbroken 

 horses and mares kept solely for breeding. There were 28,991 

 cattle, of which 10,081 were cows or heifers in milk or in 

 calf; and of other cattle there were 9106 two years old and 

 above, while 9804 were under two years of age. Of sheep 

 there were 111,658, of which 71,667 were one year old or 

 upwards, and 39,991 were less than one jxar old. There were 

 2162 pigs. 



The capital of the county is the royal burgh of Stirling. 

 The landward part of the parish does not cover more than 

 200 acres ; but witliin the parliamentary boundaries are 

 included parts of Logie and St Xinians ; and the small 

 village called the Abbey, which occupies the place where 

 once stood the abbey of Cambuskenneth, belongs to the burgh, 

 though it is situated in a northern link of the Forth, in the 

 county of Clackmannan. The population within the parlia- 

 mentary boundaries was 16,010 in 1881. Stirling unites 

 with Culross, Uunfermline, Queensferry, and Inverkeithing 

 in electing a member of Parliament, and the present repre- 

 sentative is Mr H. Campbell Bannerman. The town is of 

 considerable antiquity. Buchanan mentions it frequently 

 as existing in the ninth century, but gives no description 

 of the place. The earliest known burgh record is a charter 

 dated the ISth of August 1120, given at Kincardine by King 

 Alexander L, but that only confers some additional privileges 

 on the burghers and freemen, and is not a charter of erection, as 

 the burgh had existed long before. With Edinburgh, Berwick, 

 and Pioxburoh it formed " the court of the four burohs," an 

 institution found in existence at the dawn of our national history, 

 and from which is supposed to have emanated a collection of 

 the laws of the burghs in the time of David I. In 1368, when 

 Berwick and Roxburgh had come into possession of the English, 

 Lanark and Linlithg^ow were substituted for them. This burolier 

 parliament made laws and regulations for trade, and for the 

 management of burghal aftairs. In 1454 it was fixed by royal 

 charter that Edinburgh be the place of meeting. The four 

 burghs summoned others to their council, and thus arose the 

 Convention of Pioyal Burghs, which, though now somewhat 

 antiquated, was a most useful institution in its day. 



About the middle of the twelfth century, Stirling had become 

 a royal residence, and in it David I. kept his court, probably to 

 be near Cambuskenneth, where he had founded an abbey in 



