176 THE AGRICULTUEE OF THE 



provements suggested by practical experience, have found their 

 way into all the Scottish counties, as well as to the Continent, 

 Australia, and New Zealand. Prizes were awarded for these 

 machines by some district societies in 1860, by the Highland 

 and Agricultural Society at its Perth meeting in 1861, at the 

 International Exhibition in London, 1862, and at the Inter- 

 national Exhibitions of Hamburg, Dublin, Stettin, and Cologne, 

 besides many other shows in intervening years. Twenty-five 

 years ago grass and grain were cut laboriously with scythe and 

 reaping-hook, but now cutting with machines worked by horse- 

 power has become almost universal Great progress has also 

 been made — in which the same firm has acted a conspicuous 

 part — in the making and adapting to special circumstances of 

 horse rakes, harrows, grubbers, land rollers, turnip-sowing 

 machines, drill ploughs, drill grubbers, turnip cutters, .sheep 

 fodder racks, and food-cooling barrows. 



Other Industries. 



In the county of Stirling there is much business activity 

 The Carron Ironworks maintain a position among the foremost 

 of their kind in the country. The first furnace at Carron was 

 blown early in January 1760, when the company consisted of 

 Dr Eoebuck, who was manager, with his brothers Thomas 

 and Ebenezer, Samuel Garbett, William Cadell of Cockenzie, 

 William Cadell, junior, and John Cadell. The chief articles of 

 manufacture were cannons, mortars, and chain shot, prepared 

 for the arsenals of Europe, including the British Government, 

 who obtained from Carron the whole battery train used by the 

 Duke of Wellington. The company received a charter of 

 incorporation in 1773, with a capital fixed at £150,000. The 

 works were visited in 1821 by Prince Nicholas, afterwards 

 Emperor of Russia, and subsequently by Prince Leopold and 

 Prince Maximilian of Austria. The Prince of Wales was there 

 in 1859. No carronades or other war castings have been made 

 since 1852 ; but a great amount of work is done in the smelting 

 of iron and the manufacture of axles, grates, cooking ranges, 

 stoves, boilers, kettles, pots, stewpans, sugar pans, &c. The 

 farm connected with the works, called the Roughlands, with the 

 lands adjacent, extending to 400 acres, is stocked with everything 

 necessary in the way of feeding and fodder for the foundry 

 horses. 



The Falkirk Ironworks, also very extensive, were started 

 about sixty years ago by some workmen connected with Carron, 

 but came into the hands of the present proprietors in 1848. 

 The buildings cover 8 acres of ground, and the work-people 

 numbering 900 men and boys, turn out more than 300 tons of 



