COUNTY OF STIRLING. 179 



Caudles are made for mines ; but some ordinary caudles, both 

 dipped aud moulded, are also made. With modern machinery 

 about 8000 dipped candles cau be manufactured in a day by a 

 single workman. 



On the estate of the Earl of Dunmore, near Airth Eoad 

 Station, 7 miles by road from Stirling and 6 from Falkirk, is the 

 Dunmore Pottery, which has acquired a good reputation for 

 certain kinds of earthenware. 



In 1874 was begun the construction of fish ponds at Howie- 

 toun, by Sir James E. Gibson Maitland, Bart., who thereby 

 introduced to the county a new aud important species of 

 industry. The various ponds aud houses occupy about 

 eleven acres, and are of the most complete and excellent 

 description. To feed the fish in the ponds, three or four horses 

 are killed each week, aud a plentiful supply of clams is brought 

 from Xewhaven. Instead of the old method of incubating the 

 ova in wooden boxes, the plan has been adopted of incubating 

 on tubular j^dass Gfrills ; aud from eight to ten millions of ova 

 can be hatched every year. The hatching houses, ponds, and 

 arrangements for the despatch of ova or fry are admirable, and 

 the results are so immense that from the Howietoun ponds 

 there might be sent forth sufficient to stock all the rivers aud 

 lochs in Scotland. The demands from distant parts of the 

 country are large and increasing ; and fry can be sent long 

 distances without difficulty. In one season a consignment of 

 40,000 eggs of Lochleven trout were carefully packed and 

 forwarded to the Norfolk and Suffolk Acclimatisation Society ; 

 and they arrived with only a dozen dead eggs in the whole 

 number. The prices of eggs from Howietoun is about the same 

 as that charged by the German Government, which has given 

 much attention to pisciculture. For year-old aud two-year-old 

 trout the prices are about one fourth of those charged on the 

 Continent, and the arrangements for conveying fish are so good 

 that hardly any deaths occur. 



APPLICATION OF TOWN SEWAGE IN AGRICULTURE, AND 

 THE EFFECT OF THE HERBAGE ON THE ANIMAL SYSTEM 



By James Barr, junior, "Wliitesliaw, Carluke. 

 [Prem ium — Fifteen Sovereigns.'] 



The farm of Whiteshaw is situated in the parish of Carluke, 

 Lanarkshire, aud is close to the town of Carluke, in which there 

 is a population of 3700. The farm contains 2G0 acres, aud the 

 soil is very varied in character ; in the upper portion of the farm 



