90 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



das, {Cicada septemdccim, Linn., and C. iredecini^ Riley,) otherwise 

 known as Seventeen-year Locusts, by tree-hoppers and a dozen other 

 Homopterous insects; bored into from the side by the Twig-borer {Bos- 

 trichus lncai(datjis^ Say,) wounded by the bites of such beetles as the 

 New York \Veevil, {Ithycerus novccboracensis^ Forster,) or pierced as 

 by a red-hot wire by small boring beetles [Scolytidcv.) 



The buds before they expand are infested with the larvaj of the 

 Apple Bud-moth, [Grapholiiha oc?i,lana,]:iAKB..) or entirely devoured by 

 voracious climbing cut-worms, [Agrotis scandens^ Riley, etc.) The 

 blossom has no sooner unfolded its delicate and beautiful petals than it is 

 devoured entire either by the Brazen Blister Beetle [Lytta cvtiea^ Say,) 

 the Striped Cucumber Beetle, [Diabroiica vittata^ Fabr.,) the Rose 

 bug, or by a great many other insects that might be mentioned, some, as 

 the different bees, confining themselves to the pollen or honey from the 

 nectaries, while others again prefer other parts. The young fruit is either 

 eaten partly or entirely by Snapping beetles, {JMelanoius coi7imunis 

 and M. incertus) or punctured by either the Plum or the Apple Curcu- 

 lios, and afterwards bored through and through by their larvce or by the 

 ubiquitous Apple-worm, [Carpocapsa pomonclla ;) as it matures it is eaten 

 into by the larva of the Plum Moth* (Scfnasia prunivora, Walsh,) 

 rendered putrid by the Apple Maggot ( Trypeta pomonclla^ Walsh,) 

 and by the Apple Midge, [Moloh'us inali^ Fitch;) as it ripens it is 

 gouged by the Flower Beetles, [Euryomia inda and E. melancholica^ 

 and disfigured by a variety of other insects, while the skin is often gnawed 

 off and corroded by the larvas of the Rose Leaf-roller, [Loxotccnia rosa- 

 ceajta, Harr. ;) and even the seed, if it should be preserved, will be 

 attacked by the Grain Silvanus, {Silvanus S2iri.na?nensis, Linn.,) the 

 Dwarf Trogosita, ( T. nana^ Melsh,) and the larvte of one or two small 

 moths. And, as to the leaves, they are not only sapped and curled by 

 the Apple Plant-louse {Aphis mali, Fabr,) and by leaf-hoppers; rolled 

 by several leaf-rollers; folded at the edges by a small pale, undescrlbed 

 worm which I shall soon describe ; blistered by the Rosy Hispa, ( Uro- 

 plata rosea, Weber ;) crumpled by the Leaf Grumpier, {Phyclta nebulo, 

 Walsh,) mined by the Apple Micropteryx, [Alicropteryx pomivorellay 

 Pack.;) skeletonized and tied together b}'^ another undescrlbed worm, 

 which I shall some day naine Acrobasis Hai7iniondii, in honor of one 

 of your members — but they are greedily devoured by a whole horde of 

 caterpillars, from the tiny Micropteryx to the immense Gecropia Worm, 

 some of which confine themselves to the parenchyma, some to the epi- 

 dermis, some to the tender parts, without touching the veins, while 

 others bodily devour the whole leaf. The sap forms the sole food of some 

 insects, and even when the poor apple tree dies, a host of different insects 

 revel in its dead and decaying parts, and hasten its dissolution, so that it 

 may the more quickly be resolved into the mold from which it had, 

 while living, derived most of Its suppoil, and through which it is to give 

 nourishment for the young trees which are to take its place. 



* Inappropriately so-called by Mr. Walsh, as I shall presently show. 



