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TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



enabled to comprehend the nature of these phenomena and understand 

 their teaching. 



But before that can be done, we must rise to the conception that 

 Force is as indestructible as Matter; for as Matter can exist in three 

 different states, solid, liquid, and gaseous, so Force can exist in different 

 •forms, as light, heat, electricity, magnetism, actinism, etc. Matter, under 

 the inffuence of Force, can pass from one state to the other, and relapse 

 into it again; and Force is constantly being converted from one form to 

 another, and reverts into any or all of its forms. But neither Mattter 

 nor Force can arise out of nothing, or relapse into it again. Every one, 

 therefore, who accepts the doctrine of the conservation and persistence 

 of Force, must accept the consequences that result from that dogma. 



Of Absolute, Infinite Energy, I need not speak. Though it fills 

 interstellar space, yet we can know nothing of it, excepting what is 

 manifested to us through the relative and finite phenomena of Matter. 

 All we know of Force is manifested to us through Matter; and since 

 Matter is finite, so must its manifestation of Force be. The forces so 

 manifested are light, heat, electricity, magnetism, and actinism or chem- 

 ical affinity. Hence if these constitute a full inventory of the physical 

 forces, then all motion, or other manifestation of Force in Matter, must 

 ■originate in one of these forces. I differ with those physicists, who class 

 Motion as a physical force. Matter is a force-bearer, and when it is 

 affected by any force, it manifests that affectation to us by motion. 

 Hence Motion is not a physical force, but merely a manifestation of 

 force; and its momentum is the exponent of the physical force that pro- 

 duced it. 



As Force is indestructible, the arrestation of Motion can not anni- 

 hilate it. What then must ensue .'' Why, it must necessarily follow that 

 when motion is arrested, an equivalent of force equal to the original 

 force producing the motion must appear. This is found to be the case. 

 The simplest experiment for illustrating this is the rubbing of the hands 

 together. We immediately feel a glow of heat. The hands are put in ' 

 motion by the muscles of the arms and body. The friction between the 

 hands is the amount of resistance offered to the motion; therefore, the 

 harder the hands are pressed together, the greater is the friction, conse- 

 quently the more force is required to sustain the motion as more motion 

 is an-ested, and the more motion is arrested, the greater is the amount of 

 heat evolved. Car-breaks are another familiar example of the arrestation 

 of motion producing heat, the heat evolved being often so great as to set 

 the breaks on fire. 



If we extend our survey so as to include all cases where motion is 

 arrested, we find the law to be universal, that the arrestation of motion 

 produces heat. 



In the great law we find not only the explanation of the phenomenon, 

 why forest trees are warmer than surrounding objects, but also the 

 •explanation of the phenomenon, why there is a difference between the 

 temperature of evergreen and deciduous trees. As the perennial foliage 



