STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV. 233 



But if these insects, especially the last brood, have not the habit, at 

 iome period of their larval existence, of attaching- themselves to the leaves, 

 then it needs no argument to show how useless an operation it would be 

 to gather and burn the leaves of a whole a ineyard. as has been recom- 

 mended in the Etitonwlogist^ expecting thereby to destroy insects which 

 had taken refuge somewhere else. On the other hand, observation 

 has taught us that these Grape Codling larvic have the same habit, on 

 leaving the fruit, as their near relatives, the apple worms. Where, then, 

 should we search for them except under such cover as \\-ould afford them 

 needed protection against storms and observation.^ Such places in a vine- 

 yard would be in crevices and holes in bellis posts, or, if stakes are 

 employed, under the bark or in openings, as the stakes might afford. It 

 is in such places, we will here state, that we ha^'e alw ays found them 

 rolled up in a little cocoon — smaller, but not otherwise unlike that of the 

 apple worm. 



The principal facts in the history of these j^-ape codlings may be 

 summed up briefly as follows: That the winged-moth appears early in 

 May, and durjng the first warm days lays her eggs, only one in a grape, 

 in a crescent, which she previously makes; that these eggs are hatched 

 in from three to ten days' time, varying with the temperature; each egg 

 producing a worm, \vhich at fifst is too small to be detected by the 

 unaided eye; that in from four to six weeks they attain to their full "larva 

 size, and soon after leave through the opening by which they entered, 

 and lower themselves by a web w hich they spin from their mouths, and 

 afterwards crawl to some secure retreat, where they form a cocoon, in 

 which they transform. 



In conclusion, these insects are several brooded, and appear to be on 

 the increase, infesting most districts occupied largely by the vine. Judg- 

 ing from the similarity of habits of the grape and apple codling, it may 

 prove that our defense against their depredations will also be similar. 



From this time (August) until cold weather occurs in the fall, vine- 

 yardists will do well to watch the doings of these grape codlings that 

 they may devise more eflectual means for their destruction than any 

 which have heretofore been practiced. 



The al)Ove was published in the Prarie Farmer early the past fall, 

 since which time we have experimented by tying bundles of leaves to 

 grape supports, also binding rags aromid thein. Others have done the 

 same, Avith results as was expected, viz : The larvie entered and spun 

 their cocoons. Remedy — late in the fall, gather the bundles of leaves 

 or rags and burn them. 



ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE APPLE IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS. 



BY DR. L. S. PENNIN(;T0N, WHITESIDE CO. 



To improve and make successful the cultivation of the apple, in this 

 new country, and especially in this portion of tlie Northwest, has engaged, 

 and still continues to claim, the attention of our most intelligent and 



22 



