Vol.1] Reed. — Two Weiv AscomycetoHs Fungi. 143 



frond are drawn in, leaving the center to bulge out, or the oppo- 

 site edges to curl. 



When fresh the fronds are thick and cartilaginous, but when 

 drj^ they are leathery. The thickest portions are the stipe and 

 the basal part of the frond. It becomes thinner towards the tip 

 and edges and where no perithecia have developed. The base and 

 stipe are from 150-200 ^ thick, while the thinner portions are 

 only 70-100 h-. 



A section shows five distinct layers in the frond. First the 

 gelatinous envelopes (one for each surf ace ) of medium thickness, 

 into which project the tips of the lateral mycelial filaments 

 which branch from the medullary layers. The tips stand up 

 close together between the green cells, perpendicular to the sur- 

 face like the pile of velvet. Only the lateral filaments lie next 

 the cell walls forming a close network about them, but never 

 penetrate withiu. The tips are always thickened and club- 

 shaped, but are more angular and more deeply pigmented around 

 the perithecia and isolated cell groups, and also on the edges of 

 the frond. They have exceedingly thick walls with small 

 lumen, and sometimes the walls appear to be stratified. (Cf. 

 Fig. 2, PL 15.) The diameter of lateral hyphge is 1-5 fj-. 



Just inside each outer layer is an "algal" layer of green cells 

 as in ordinarj' Ulva. Every cell or group of cells is enclosed in 

 a capsule formed of a network of lateral mycelial threads with 

 gelatinous matrix between. First a single cell is enclosed and 

 then this divides, grows, and divides again until the resultant 

 cells form isolated groups of diads, tetrads or octads in the 

 same capsule, which must be gradually expanded by the pressure 

 within the surrounding mycelial tips either making them angular 

 or flattening them somewhat. (Cf. Fig. 3, PL 15.) 



These groups of isolated cells are most numerous around the 

 perithecia and on old plants much distorted by many perithecia. 

 Often these cell- groups are pushed outwards from the edge or 

 surface of the frond like buds, or gemmules. This is best seen 

 in the cross section, where they stand out more or less distinctly 

 from the cellular layer, and may be analogous to soredia, as 

 Reinseh (Zur Meeres Algen von Siid-Georgien, p. 426-427, 1890) 

 has suggested in the case of his Dermatomeris. It seems from 



