Vol.1] Rail. — Botanical Survey of San Jacinto Mountain. 27 



pliylos Pringlei drupacea, Ceanothus integerrimus and RJianmus 

 Californica tomentella being the principal ones. In tlie east end 

 of Tahqnitz Valley patches of Amorpha liispidnla and Garrya 

 Fremonti are not rare beneath the pines. 



The herbaceous undergrowth is more abundant and varied. 

 The pine benches of the lower altitudes are sometimes red with 

 the blossoms of Pentstemon labrosus, and Monardella lanceolata is 

 scarcely less common. Other species are the following: Strev- 

 tanthus campesiris, Arahis areuata, Euphorbia Palmeri and 

 Frasera Parry i. All of these have tall, erect stems with long 

 internodes and moderately small leaves. Quite different in 

 general appearance are Pedicularis semiharbata and Lotus JSfeda- 

 densis, the former with its elongated leaves spreading out almost 

 in a rosette, the latter with long, prostrate stems. Other species 

 of the open forest will be found listed in the main part of this 

 report. 



THE MEADOWS. 



The chief prerequisite to a meadow formation is an abun- 

 dance of surface moisture, and hence meadows of various sizes 

 are found scattered over San Jacinto Mountain Ijetween the 

 altitudes of 4000 and 10,000 feet wherever the surface soil is 

 sufficiently moist. Where the moisture is principally in the 

 subsoil coniferous forests abound, but wherever it rises nearly to 

 the surface we find the forest giving way to a meadow forma- 

 tion. Sometimes the forest will send arms out into the meadow, 

 but it will be noticed that these always follow strips of slightly 

 greater elevation than the meadow land, the moisture still being, 

 therefore, chiefly in the subsoil. Occasionally small patches of 

 forest occur on knolls which are completely surrounded by 

 meadow, thus giving rise to forest-islands, of which the one 

 shown in plate v is an example. 



The rise of soil moisture to the surface is brought about by 

 the position of the underlying strata of the mountain. The 

 position of these may be either of two distinct types, giving rise 

 to two classes of meadow formations, namely, the hillside 

 meadows and the valley meadows. 



The hillside meadows receive their moisture from between 



