STATE OF ILLINOIS 

 DwiGHT H, Gr^en, Governor 



DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION 

 Frank G. Thompson', Director 



BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION 



Frank G. Thompson, Chairman 



William Trelease, D.Sc, LL.D., Biology Edson S. Bastin, Ph.D., Geology 



Ezra J. Kraus, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry Roger Adams, Ph.D., D.Sc, 



L. R. HovvsoN, B.S.C.E., C.E., Engineering Chemistry 



Arthur Cutts Willard, D.Eng., LL.D., 



President of the University of Illinois 



NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION 



Urbana, Illinois 



Scientific and Technical Staff 



Theodore H. Frison, Ph.D., Chief 



Section of Economic Entomology 



W. P. Flint, B.S., Chief Entomolo- 

 gist 



C. C. CoMPTON, Ph.D., Associate En- 

 tomologist 



M. D. Farrar, Ph.D., Research En- 

 tomologist 



J. H. Bigger, ]\LS., Associate Ento- 

 mologist 



S. C. Chandler, B.S., Southern Field- 

 Entomologist 



James W. Apple, M.S., Northern 

 Field Entomologist 



B. G. Berger, M.A., Assistant Ento- 

 mologist 



H. B. Petty, Jr., B.A., Assistant, 



Entomology Extension 

 J. E. Porter, B.A., Entomological 



Assistant 



C. J. Weinman, Ph.D., Research Fel- 

 low in Entomology 



George F. Ludvik, B.A., Research 

 Fellovj in Entomology 



J. M. Magner, B.A., Junior Entomol- 

 ogist (i .S.B.E.P.Q. and Cotntnod- 

 ity Credit Corporation, cooperating) 



Section of Insect Survey 



H. H. Ross, Ph.D., Systematic Ento- 

 mologist 



Carl O. Mohr, Ph.D., Associate En- 

 tomologist, Artist 



B. D. Burks, Ph.D., Assistant Ento- 

 mologist (on leave) 



G. T. Riegel, M.S., Entomological 

 Assistant 



Kathryn M. Sommerman, M.S., 

 Artist, Entomological Assistant 



Section of Applied Botany and 

 Plant Pathology 



L. R. Tehon, Ph.D., Botanist 



D. B. Creager, Ph.D., Research Pa- 

 thologist 



J. C. Carter, Ph.D., Assistant Bot- 

 anist 

 G. H. BoEWE, M.S., Field Botanist 



Section of Aquatic Biology 



David H. Thompson, Ph.D., Zoologist 



George W. Bennett, Ph.D., Limnol- 

 ogist 



D. F. Hansen, Ph.D., Assistant Zo- 

 ologist 



Bruno Limbach, M.S., Zoological 

 Assistant 



Section of Game Research and 

 Management 



Ralph E. Yeatter, Ph.D., Game 

 Specialist 



Section of Wildlife Experimental 

 Areas 



Arthur S. Hawkins, AI.S., Game 



Technician (on leave) 

 F. C. Bellrose, Jr., B.S., Assistant 



Game Technician 

 Jessop B. Low, Ph.D., Assistant 



Game Technician 

 W. H. Elder, Ph.D., Assistant Game 



Technician 



Cooperative Wildlife Restoration 

 Program 



(State Departrnent of Conservation 

 and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- 

 ice) 



Harry G. Anderson, M.A., Junior 

 Biologist 



L. G. Brown, B.S., Junior Biologist 



R. E. Hesselschwerdt, B.A., Junior 

 Biologist 



C. S. Spooner, Jr., M.F., Junior Biol- 

 ogist 



Section of Forestry 



James E. Davis, M.F., Extension 



Forester 

 Lee E. Yeager, Ph.D., Forester 



Section of Publications 



James S. Ayars, B.S., 



Editor 



Tech n ical 



Consultant: Herpetology, Howard K. Gloyd, Ph.D., Director of the Museum, 



Chicago Academy of Sciences 



This manual is a contribution from the Section of Applied Botany and 



Plant Pathology 



CA49 741 —6-41) 



