28 LILIACEAE 



are straight or somewhat incurved, green, convex beneath and 

 concave above, striped lengthwise by a white line about one- 

 third as wide as the leaves; they measure hardly more than 

 one-twentieth inch in width and are one-third to I/2 inch long. 

 The flowers, of which the polleniferous and ovuliferous are 

 separate, are borne in leaf axils on younger shoots. After a 

 period of 3 years the fruits, developed from the ovulate flowers, 

 mature as very short, globular, dark blue berries conspicuously 

 covered by white bloom and generally contain in the dry, resin- 

 ous pulp 3 horny, warty, somewhat 3-sided seeds less than 14 

 inch long. 



Distribution. — A common shrub in both northern Europe 

 and North America, the Common Juniper ranges westward 

 across the Boreal part of our continent, from Greenland to 

 Alaska and southward by way of mountain ranges into Georgia 

 in the east and into Texas, New Mexico and California in the 

 west. In Illinois, it occurs in extreme northern and southern 

 parts of the state but not in intermediate regions. In the north, 

 in Cook and Lake counties, it is characteristically shrubby, but 

 in a few southern Illinois counties it assumes an upright habit. 



Juniperus horizontalis Moench, the Creeping Juniper or 

 Creeping Savin, though not native in Illinois, was seeded on 

 the Waukegan moorland nearly three-quarters of a century 

 ago and now occurs there as an established, naturalized species. 

 It differs from the Common Juniper in that its leaves, on 

 mature branches, are scalelike and set in pairs. Also, its fruit 

 matures in the second, instead of the third, year. On the Wau- 

 kegan moorland it has developed from the original seeding as 

 a low, trailing shrub with bright steel-blue foliage which, in 

 autumn, turns pale purple and becomes glaucous. These dis- 

 tinctive characteristics, valuable when this shrub is used as an 

 ornamental, have given rise to a common name, Waukegan 

 Juniper, and to technical recognition as forma Douglasii 

 Rehder. 



LILIACEAE 



The Lily Family 



Plants of the lily family are, in the main, herbs, but a few 

 members are woody. The colored flowers are regular, consist- 

 ing of symmetrical parts including 3 sepals, 3 petals, usually 6 



