G L OSS A R Y 



Achene. A small, dry, hard 

 fruit made up of 1 seed and 

 carpel. Strawberry seeds and 

 buckwheat grains are achenes. 



Acuminate. Tapering to a 

 long, sharp point. Usually 

 used with reference to leaf 

 tips but may apply to other 

 plant parts. 



Acute. Sharp-pointed. Con- 

 trasts with blunt, rounded, 

 and truncate in describing 

 leaf tips and many other plant 

 parts. 



Adnate. Grown together. Usu- 

 ally used for flower parts, 

 e.g., when stamens are grown 

 to or united with petals. 



Alternate. Any arrangement of 

 leaves or other parts that can- 

 not be described as opposite 

 or whorled. 



Ament. A spike of crowded 

 flowers of one sex, among 

 which scales are interspersed. 

 Equivalent for the most part 

 to the term catkin used with 

 willows. 



Ampuliform. Like a small, 

 narrow-necked, round bottle. 

 Used especially to describe 

 seed capsules of willows. 



Anther. The enlarged, termi- 

 nal part of a stamen, in which 

 pollen is formed. 



Apiculate. Ending in a minute, 

 sharp point. 



Appressed. Standing close to 

 or against. Used especially 

 for buds laid close against the 

 twigs. 



Aril. A fleshy structure grow- 

 ing out of the scar on a seed 

 and sometimes covering the 

 seed. Used here for the col- 

 ored, fleshy seed covers of 

 Euonymiis and Celastriis. 



Armed. Provided with prick- 

 les, spines or sharp thorns, as 

 if iror defense. 



Ascending. Tending to grow 

 or to curve upward. Used 

 chiefly to describe branches 

 which grow or curve upward 

 so as to be nearly as upright 

 as the stem. 



Asymmetrical. Unequal or un- 

 like. Used particularly to de- 

 scribe leaf bases, when one 

 side of the base is larger than 

 the other. 



Awl-shaped. Like the point of 

 a shoemaker's awl, which is a 

 short, coarse needle. 



Axil. The upper angle between 

 a leaf and the stem on which 

 it is borne. 



Axillary. In or arising from 

 the axil of a leaf. Used to 

 indicate the position of buds, 

 thorns and inflorescences. 



Berry. A pulpy fruit developed 

 from a single pistil, which 

 may contain one to many 

 seeds but never a stone. 

 Gooseberries and grapes are 

 typical berries. 



Bifid. Incompletely divided in- 

 to two parts. 



Biserrate. Provided with teeth 

 which are themselves toothed 

 on the edges. Usually de- 

 scriptive of leaf margins. 



Biserrulate. The same as bi- 

 serrate, except that the teeth 

 are small. 



Bloom. A fine powdery cover- 

 ing of wax on fruit. Readily 

 seen on certain cultivated and 

 wuld plums and on Concord 

 grapes. 



Bract. A usually small leaf, 

 above which a flower or flow- 

 er cluster arises. 



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