212 CORNACEAE 



with stalked glands. Fruit ripens in September and October 

 as a globular, black, berry-like drupe about 14 ir'ch in diameter, 

 with often as many as 5 flat, oblong seeds inclosed in its juicy 

 pulp. 



Distribution. — The Devil's-Walkingstick prefers dry situa- 

 tions in open woods and clearings. It ranges from Pennsylvania 

 to Iowa and south to Florida and Texas. In Illinois, it is a 

 relatively rare shrub with a limited distribution, which includes 

 only the southern tip of the state. The most northern records 

 of occurrence include White County on the east and Union 

 County on the west. It apparently does not pass inland into 

 the middle of the state north of the Ozarks. 



CORNACEAE 

 The Dogwood Family 



Members of the dogwood family include shrubs, trees and 

 a few perennial herbs, which bear alternate or opposite, usually 

 entire, often firm leaves without stipules. The flowers are per- 

 fect or monoecious and occur in cymes or heads, or rarely 

 staminate flowers may be borne in catkin-like spikes. There 

 are 4 or 5 sepals, 4 or 5 petals, and 4 or 5 stamens in each 

 flower, and the ovary consists of 1 to 4 united carpels, which 

 develop into a drupelike fruit containing a 1- to 4-celled stone. 



The 80 to 90 species comprising the dogwood family rep- 

 resent about 15 genera widely distributed in the northern 

 hemisphere. Four of the genera are native in northeastern 

 North America, but only one shrubby genus is represented 



in Illinois. 



I. 



CORNUS (Tournefort) Linnaeus 

 The Dogwoods 



The dogwoods are shrubs, or less often trees, mostly with 

 opposite branches and opposite or, rarely, alternate, entire 

 leaves. The flowers are perfect and arranged in open, dichot- 

 omously branched cymes. The 4 sepals usually are small, 

 and the 4 petals are white. The 4 stamens have filiform or 

 awl-shaped filaments. The fruit is a thinly fleshy drupe, 

 which contains a usually 2-celled, bony stone, and the seeds 

 are flattened. 



