MADDER FAMILY 215 



are the low ernodea, with many leaves and little berry-like 

 yellow fruit, and the thorny randia with whitish berries 

 that are black inside. 



Several shrubs that bloom during spring and summer 

 are noticeable in winter because of their fruit. Among 

 these are the climbing or shrubby snowberry, Chioccoca, 

 whose drooping racemes of white fruit ornament hammocks 

 near the coast, and wild coffee, Psychotria, which has dark 

 red fruit in flat-topped clusters above prominently veined 



leaves. 



The button-bush, Cephalanthus, which grows as often in 

 Florida swamps as in northern swamps, is known here 

 as Spanish pincushion — a name appropriate to the flower- 

 ing-heads from which the pistils stick out like pins in all 

 directions. 



Products of exotic plants of this family are widely 

 known : coffee "berries" are the seeds of the pulpy red fruit 

 of tropical coffee trees ; quinine is prepared from the bark 

 of cinchona trees of South America; and madder and 

 other dyes have been obtained from different species. The 

 handsome gardenia, or cape jasmine, is often planted in 

 Florida gardens. 



Hamelia patens. Flowers red or orange, tubular, nearly 

 1 in. long, in terminal clusters. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. 

 Fruit small, black. Shrub 3-10 ft. tall. Leaves in whorls of 

 3, elliptic or oblong, 2-6 in. long. Sandy soil. Southern Fla. 



Cephalanthus occidentalis. Button-bush. Spanish pin- 

 cushion. Flowers white, tubular, 4-lobed, small, crowded in 

 globular, long-stalked heads 1 in. or more in diameter, from 

 axils of upper leaves. Shrub or small tree. Leaves oppo- 

 site or in whorls of 3, pointed, 3-7 in. long. Swamps and low 

 grounds. Blooming from spring to fall. Fla. to Texas and 

 northward. 



Chiococca racemosa. Snowberry. Flowers white or yellow- 

 ish, sm^all, 5-lobed, in axillary racemes. Fruit white, small. 

 Shrub, climbing or trailing. Leaves elliptic or oval, 1-3 in. 



