HOW TO KNOW THE FRESH-WATER ALGAE 



9 Phaeophyta. (Brown Algae). 



A phylum mostly marine, including the brown sea weeds (kelps); 

 essentially filamentous (some microscopic) but mostly robust and leath- 

 ery; pigments include chlorophylls, carotene, xanthophyll, and fucoxan- 

 thin (predominating brown pigment); food reserve soluble carbohy- 

 drates including alcohol (mannitol); reproduction asexual by kidney- 

 shaped zoospores with 2 lateral flagella or sexual by iso- aniso- or 

 heterogametes. 



