14 THE ALGAE 



unsatisfactory. Between 1875 and 1900 Sirodot reorganized the 

 Batrachospermaceae, Gomont the Myxophyceae, Philhps (1895-8) 

 the Rhodymeniales and Schmitz laid the foundations for the 

 modern arrangement of the Rhodophyceae. Kjellman added 

 materially to our knowledge of the algae of cold waters in his 

 studies of Arctic algae and algae of the Murman Sea. During these 

 years too, De Toni started pubHshing his monumental Sylloge 

 Algarum which was a conspectus of all known and described algal 

 species. 



Important life histories were worked out at the end of the nine- 

 teenth century. WiUiams described the complete life history of 

 Dictyota (p. 145) in 1897-8 and in 1899 Sauvageau established the 

 nature of the hfe cycle in Cutleria (p. 142) and Aglaozonia. Modern 

 floristic studies also commenced about this time with the publica- 

 tion by Borgesen of his Marine Algae of the Faeroes. An indication 

 of interest in algal physiology was foreshadowed by Berthold's 

 study in 1882 of phototropism in Bryopsis and preliminary work 

 on algal respiration by Bonnier and Mangin in 1894. 



Taxonomic rearrangement was, however, still the order of the 

 day. Wille in 1897 estabUshed the Protococcoideae, Confervoideae 

 and Siphoneae, whilst a few years earHer Borzi had segregated off 

 from the Chlorophyceae the yellow-green algae. In 1899 Luther 

 estabUshed the Heterokontae and the nature of the ciHa was then 

 used by Blackman and Tansley in their classification of 1902. In 

 1900 Blackman postulated a flagellate ancestry for the algae and 

 suggested that in the green algae three distinct tendencies, the 

 Volvocine, Tetrasporine and Chlorococcine, could be recognized. 

 In 1905 Oltmann's work on morphology, together with his con- 

 tributions to life form, appeared. 



The period 1910-15 saw the start of hitherto neglected aspects 

 of phycology. In 1910 Pia commenced pubHshing his studies of fossil 

 algae in Europe and he was followed by Walcott in the United 

 States in 1914. It was in these years too that Pascher commenced 

 his classical studies on the Protista and Flagellata, and from this 

 work emerged our present modern concepts of the algae. Marine 

 algal ecology received a tremendous stimulus by the work of Cotton 

 in 1912 on the marine algae of Clare Island and the works of 

 Setchell on geographical distribution in relation to temperature. 

 The study and appreciation of the importance of soil algae came 

 to the fore with the works of Fritsch and SaUsbury and Brenchley 



