HISTORY 15 



(see p. 376). Fresh-water algal ecology also received a great impetus 

 from the work of Transeau in the U.S.A. and first West and then 

 Fritsch in England. Algal plant physiology and biochemistry made 

 considerable advances with the work of Kylin, Kniep, Pantanelli 

 and Harder, whilst important algal floras were being pubUshed by 

 Jonsson, Borgesen, CoUins and Skottsberg. The year 19 15 also saw 

 the estabhshment of the Laminarian hfe cycle. 



The advent of the First World War naturally stopped further 

 advances and subsequent major progress mainly dates from about 

 1930. Since then our knowledge of the algal cell, the cell wall and 

 cell sap, nuclear division and the structure of flagella has greatly 

 increased, especially with the introduction of new techniques from 

 other disciplines, such as X-ray photography, the electron micro- 

 scope and improved optical microscopes. Modern ideas on the 

 classification of the Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae are based on 

 the works of Kylin, Papenfuss, Feldmann and SvedeUus and our 

 modern knowledge ofalgalplastids and sexuality dates from aroimd 

 1930. Since then, too, Pringsheim has demonstrated the import- 

 ance of pure algal cultures as a means of estabHshing the taxonomic 

 status of the smaller organisms. 



Much, however, still remains to be discovered; how much is 

 indicated to some extent in other parts of this book. 



REFERENCE 



Prescottj G. W. (1951). Manual of Phycology pp. 1-9. Chron. Bot. Co., 



Mass. 



