CHANGE IN APPROACH TO STUDY OF FUNGI 11 



3. Plus and minus strains of black molds, by Blakeslee. 



4. Cytology of the ascus, by Harper. 



5. The function of rust pvcniospores (spermatia), by Craigie. 



6. Self-sterility and cross-fertility in Pleurage, by Ames. 



7. Microconidia (spermatia) and fertilization in Sclerotinia, 

 by Drayton. 



8. Clamp connections among Hymenomycetes, by Kniep and 

 Bensaude. 



9. Genetics of yeasts, by Lindegren. 



10. Production of new races of rusts and smuts, by Stakman 

 and his associates. 



11. The mycoplasm hypothesis, by Eriksson. 



12. The genetics of Neurospora, by Dodge. 



Several investigators, however, have blazed entirely new my- 

 cologic trails. Among these are: (1) Duller, whose Researches on 

 Fungi explains how the principles of physics may be used to 

 further an understanding of the structure and function of fungi; 

 (2) Sabouraud, whose researches, described in Les Teignes, are 

 basic to an understanding of the skin fungi (Dermatophytes) and 

 other fungi that are pathogenic to man; (3) Wehmer in Ger- 

 many, Raistrick and his associates in Great Britain, Chrzaszcz and 

 his associates in Poland, and Iwanoff and his associates in Russia, 

 whose contributions stress the ability of fungi to synthesize a va- 

 riety of chemical products of industrial use; and (4) Fleming 

 and his associates, best known for their work in penicillin, from 

 which study has come the use of antibiotics of microbial origin. 



The origins of plant pathology, as Chapter 18, Volume II, will 

 point out, are in mycology, and the two subjects have much in 

 common in recent researches. Unfortunately, however, their 

 interdependence is not fully appreciated, and w-ork in each field 

 would undoubtedly be strengthened if mycologists and plant 

 pathologists were conversant with basic facts in both fields. 



In summary, this brief historical account has established that 

 mycology began with taxonomy and classification, the basic point 

 of departure in any field of biology. Gradually the morphologic 

 point of view, supplementing taxonomy, developed. At the same 

 time it became established that certain fungi are pathogenic, and 

 as an outgrowth emphasis has been placed in increasing propor- 

 tions upon the economic and industrial aspects of fungal activity. 



