4 THE FOUNDING OF MYCOLOGY 



quence, herbalists collected, described, and made illustrations of 

 not only seed plants but also many fungi. Among these early 

 herbalists was Bauhin, \\'ho in 1623 listed in his Pinax Theatri 

 Botanici nearly 100 species of fungi. Generic and specific names, 

 as now employed, had not yet come into usage, so that under his 

 group name Fungus are included species belonging in A^arica- 

 ceae, Polyporaceae, Boletaceae, Clavariaceae, Auriculariaceae, Ly- 

 coperdaceae, Phallaceae, and Pezizaceae. His Agaricum Fungus 

 includes sessile Polyporaceae; and his Tubera, truffles and related 

 forms. 



In Tournefort's Elemens de Botaniqiie (1694) the fungi are 

 arranged in the following 6 groups: (1) Fungus, including all 

 centrally stalked agarics, boletes, and polypores; (2) Boletus, in- 

 cluding Clathrus, Morchella, and Phallus; (3) Agaricus, includ- 

 ing Auricularia and all laterally attached polypores; (4) Lycoper- 

 don, including the various Lycoperdaceae and certaiii slime 

 molds; (5) Coralloides, including the coral fungi and other 

 branched fungi; and (6) Tubera, including subterranean fungi. 



Mention should also be made of the results of Hooke's observa- 

 tions on fungi, recorded and illustrated in Micrographia and pre- 

 sented to the Royal Society in 1667. Two of the microfungi care- 

 fully studied by him were undoubtedly Phragmidium, a rose rust, 

 and the common mold, Mucor. He decided that both were plants 

 but held to the idea that they were generated by the plant tissues. 



The outstanding student of fungi of this period was Alicheli, 

 whose classical Nova Plantarinn Genera, published in 1729, stands 

 as a monument to his botanical devotion and zeal. He used such 

 group names as Clathrus, Clavaria, Geaster, Lycoperdon, Phallus, 

 and Tuber, and his illustrations and descriptions are so accurate 

 that specific identifications can be made. In his classification 

 Boletus includes members of the Genus Morchella, as now under- 

 stood; and Puccinia, as he used it, includes Gymnosporangium. 

 He devoted special attention to the larger fungi, grouping them 

 into Fungi lamellati (Agaricaceae), Fungi porosi (Polyporaceae), 

 Fungi ramosi (Clavariaceae), and Fungi pulverentes (puffballs). 

 He also cultivated a number of microfungi in approximately 

 pure culture. These fungi included species of Botrytis and 

 Rhizopus, whose developmental cycle from "seed" he traced, 

 thus proving that each fungus produces its own kind. 



