352 



THE BASIDIOMYCETES 



and the stipe is stout. Boleteae grow on the forest floor, and 

 many of them are mycorrhizal and always associated with a cer- 

 tain species of tree. The development of boletes has been studied 

 by Zeller (1914), Yates (1916), and Kiihner (1926). Boletus 

 {Ceriomyces) zelleri and B. parasiticus, the second of which 

 grows on the pilei of other boletes, are gymnocarpous. In Bo- 



Fig. 136. Fructification of Manina cordijorviis {Hydmim erinaceiis) . 



letiniis cassipes and Strobiloinyces strobilaceiis, however, an en- 

 dogenous annular furrow appears, and a partial veil covers the 

 young pore surface. As the pileus expands, the remnants of the 

 veil remain as a ring surrounding the stipe or as a cortina on the 

 margin of the pileus. Volvoboletus appears to possess a universal 

 veil. The members of the other tribes of Polvporaceae are all 

 gymnocarpous except Cryptoponis volvatus. The course of de- 

 velopment among the Boleteae inclines some mycologists [Yates 

 (1916)] to regard them not as polypores but as agarics. The 

 taxonomic studies by Murrill (1910), Snell (1936), and Coker 

 and Beers (1943) should be used in identification of this tribe. 



