BOLETEAE 



351 



have brackets nearly 1 meter in their largest dimension. Fomes 

 igniarius, F. pini, and F. robiistiis, causing heartrot of standing 

 timber, have large hoof-shaped fructifications with as many as 

 40 to 80 layers of pores. Fomes annosus causes root rot and basal- 

 stem rot of conifers in Europe. Its fructifications form near 

 the surface of the soil and may have incorporated in them twigs, 

 leaves, and stones. In culture this fungus bears conidia belong- 



Fig. 135. Stereinn frustulosimi on oak. 



ins: to Oedocephalinn globidiferiim. Studies [Miller (1942)] 

 show that the incidence of root rot and butt rot on Jiinipenis 

 virgmiana caused by F. annosiis in the southeastern United States 

 is correlated with the degree of competition between cedars and 

 the hardwoods that overtop them. 



FisTULiNEAE. Fistidhia hepatica, called the beef-steak fungus, 

 orrows widely on deciduous trees, especially oaks. Its large, 

 fleshy, fan-shaped fructifications, brown-red on the outside and 

 blood-red within, are attached by thick stipes. The hymenium 

 is beset wdth closely crowded, but separate, tubes that are closed 

 when young but open at maturity. 



BoLETEAE. The fructifications of this tribe are fleshy, pileate, 

 and mostly centrally stipitate. The pileus is thick and convex. 



