PHALLALES 311 



"The genus Mitremyces," Alycol. Writings, 2 (1905-1908); My col. Notes, 

 5(^:238-243, 1905a. 

 Rehsteiner, H., "Beitrage zur Entwickelungsgcschichte der Fruchtkorper 

 einiger Gastromyceten," Botaii. Z., 50:761-771, 777-792, 801-814, 823- 

 839,^843-863, 865-878, 1892. 

 SwARTz, Delbert, "Somc developmental characters of species of Lyco- 

 perdaceae," A??!. J. Botuny, 20:440-465, 1932. 

 "The development of Cahatia craniijoriuis,''' MycoL, 27:439-448, 1935. 



Pballales 



The phalloids or stinkhorns include fewer than 100 species of 

 predominantly tropical fungi, of which about a dozen have 

 been found in the United States [Burt (1896), Coker and Couch 

 (1928)]. The young fructifications or "eggs" are semisubter- 

 ranean spherical to ovoid masses, surrounded by a tough pe- 

 ridium. The eggs contain the fertile tissue or gleba and a special- 

 ized structure called the receptaculum. At maturity the recep- 

 taculum elongates, rupturing the peridium, and elevates the gleba 

 above ground. 



Two families are generally recognized, the Phallaceae and 

 Clathraceae. In the Phallaceae the receptaculum assumes the 

 form of a stalk, which is surmounted at maturity by the spore 

 mass. In the Clathraceae the receptaculum is generally lattice- 

 like or net-like in appearance, and the gleba is borne on its inner 

 side. The group has been most thoroughly studied by Fischer; 

 taxonomic accounts have been written by Burt (1896), Fetch 

 (1908), Lloyd (1909), Cunningham (1931), Boedijn (1932), and 

 Fischer (1933). 



The Phallaceae include perhaps 10 genera, of which the best 

 known are Mutinus, Phallus, and Dictyophora. The mature 

 fructifications of Ahitlmis canimis arise from rhizomorph-like 

 strands and consist of a basal egg-shaped peridium, from which 

 protrudes the spongy, stalk-like receptaculum; at the apex of the 

 receptaculum the reddish gleba is borne. The developmental 

 history of M. canimis has been studied by Fischer (1895), Burt 

 (1896a), and Lohwag (1930). The gleba is closely adherent to 

 the receptaculum and at maturity is a viscid, odoriferous mass. 

 Insects, attracted by the carrion-like odor, aid in dissemination of 

 the spores. • 



In Phallus (Ithyphallus) the distal surface of the receptaculum 



