14^ THE ASCOMYCETES 



GuiLLiERMOKD, A., The yeasts, xix + 424 pp. John Wiley and Sons, New 

 York. 1920. 

 "Recherches sur quelques Ascomycetes inferieurs Isolee de la stignia- 

 tomycose des grains du cotonnier," Rev. gen. botan., 40: 328-342, 397- 

 414/474^85, 5^55-574, 606-624, 689-704, 1928. 



Henrici, a. T., "The yeasts: genetics, cytology, variation, classification, 

 and identification," Bacf. Rev., 5:97-179, 1941. 

 (Revised by Skinner, Emmons, and Tsuchiya), Molds, yeasts, and Act'mo- 

 viycetes. John A\'iley and Sons, New York. In press. 



JuEL, H. O., "Uber Zellinhalt, Befruchtung, und Sporenbildung bei Dipo- 

 dascus," Flora, 91:^7-55, 1902. 

 "Cytologische Pilzstudien. II. Zar Kenntnis einiger Hemiasceen," Nova 

 Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis, IV, 5: 1-^3, 1921. 



Lewis, C. E., "A new species of Endomyces from decaying apple," Maine 

 Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull., 178:45-65, 1910. 



Schneider, A., "A parasitic saccharomycete of the tomato," Phytopathology, 

 5:395-399, 1916. 



Varitch.\k, B., "Contribution a I'etude du developpement des Ascomy- 

 cetes," Botaniste, 25:1-183, 1931. 



Walker, Leva B., "Studies on Ascoidea nibescens. I. History and devel- 

 opment," Mycol., 25:51-76, 1931. 

 n. "Cvtolo^ical observations," Mycol, 21: 102-127, 1935. 



WiNGARD, S. A., "Studies on the pathogenicity, morphology, and cytology 

 of Nematospora phaseoU;' Bull. Torrey Botan. Club, 52: 249-290, 1925. 



Taphrinales 



The Taphrinales comprise about 100 species. They have been 

 variously divided into 2 or 3 families, of ^\'hich the Taphri- 

 naceae are the most important. All the members of this family 

 are parasitic on seed plants and ferns. They cause hypertrophic 

 malformations of their hosts, producing such diseases as those 

 commonly called leaf curl, blister, and fasciation, which involve 

 buds, leaves, twigs, flowers, and fruits. The best known of these 

 diseases is peach-leaf curl, caused by Taphrina deformans. Other 

 very common and A\ide-spread Taphrinaceae are T. pnmi, caus- 

 ing plum pockets, and T. coenilesceiis, causing leaf curl of oaks. 



Mycelium. The mycelium is annual in most species, but in 

 Taphrina priini, T. j/iirabilis on plum twigs, Taphrinopsis laiiren- 

 cia on Fteris bianrita, T. cerasi, causing witches' broom of cher- 

 ries, and certain other species, it is perennial. In species with 

 perennial mycelia the hyphae extend into the new growth as the 

 buds expand in spring. Moreover, it is intercellular, except in 



