IMPLICATIONS 89 



cial production. Scarcely more than a beoinnino- seems to have 

 been made in the study of fungus pigments and of their uses to 

 man and to the mold itself. 



The study of toxin production by fungi is still in its infancy. 

 Fungus toxins may eventually come to have an important place in 

 therapy against pathogenic bacteria. The production of sera 

 containing fungus antitoxins is deserving of more consideration. 



Lastly, the physiology of molds should be studied in quite the 

 same manner as has been done with bacteria. A few studies of 

 this kind, typified by that of Martin and Jones (1940), in which 

 carbohydrate fermentations and colony characteristics were em- 

 ployed to distinguish species of Candida, indicate the potentiali- 

 ties of these procedures. By such studies and by the refinement of 

 techniques a better understanding may be reached regarding the 

 protein metabolism of fungi and the mechanism by which they 

 are able to elaborate mannose, glycogen, toxins, and many other 

 substances. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Abraham, E. P., E. Chain, C. M. Fletcher, A. D. Gardner, N. G. Heatley, 



and M. A. Jennings, "Further observations on penicillin," Lancet, 2: 7, 



177-188, 1941. 

 Bergel, F., A. L. Morrison, A. R. Moss, R. Klein, H. Rinderknecht, and 



J. L. Ward, 'An antibacterial substance from Aspergillus clavatus and 



Penicillium clavijorme and its probable identitv with patulin," Nature, 



152:150, 1943. 

 Bernhauer, K., "Zum Problem der Saurebildung durch Aspergillus niger," 



Biochem. Z., 153:517-521, 1924. 

 "tTber die Saurebildung durch Aspergillus niger. Allgemeines und metho- 



disches bei der Untersuchung des Saurebildungs Vorgange," Biochem. 



Z., 272:296-312, 1926. 

 Bernhauer, K., and N. Bockl, "Zum Chemismus der durch Aspergillus niger 



bewirkten Saurebildungsvorgange. VII. Uber die Umwandlung von 



Alkolhol in Citronensaure," Biochem. Z., 253: 16-24, 1932. 

 VIII. "Uber die Umwandlung von Aconitsaure in Citronensaure und wei- 



teres tiber die Abbau der Essigsaure," Biochem. Z., 253:25-29, 1932a. 

 Bernhauer, K., and G. Potzelt, "Uber Schimmelpilz-sterine. I. Die Sterin- 



bildung bei Aspergillus niger," Biochem. Z., 280: 388-393, 1935. 

 Bernhauer, K., and Z. Scheuer, "Zum Chemismus der durch Aspergillus 



niger bewirkten Saurebildungsvorgange. VII. Uber die Bildung der 



Glykol und Glykolsaure aus essigsauren Salzen," Biochem. Z., 253: 11- 



15, 1932. 

 Bernhauer, K., and H. Siebenauger, "Zum Chemismus der Citronensaure - 



bildung durch Pilze. V. Die Citronensaurebildung aus Essigsaure," 



Biochem. Z., 240:232-244, 1931. 



