314 MYCORRHIZAE AND MYCOTROPHY 



must be absorbed bv the cells cannot fail to change the charac- 

 teristics of the cells." 



Implications. The classical interpretations of the mechanisms 

 involved in absorption of water and mineral nutrients by seed 

 plants must be modified somewhat or must, in some measure, be 

 supplanted by a more complicated system in the light of the fore- 

 going consideration of mvcorrhizae. Certain seed plants, espe- 

 ciallv trees, and certain fungi have been demonstrated to be nu- 

 tritionallv interdependent. This interdependence is a partnership, 

 and, as in anv partnership, both members may profit mutually or 

 one member may exploit the other. Apparently the advantages 

 that accrue to each member of the partnership outweigh the dis- 

 advantages when environmental factors are normal, but this bal- 

 ance may become upset in times of stress. The mycologist may 

 speculate to the satisfaction of his scientific soul on how and why 

 such a relationship between totally unrelated organisms ever be- 

 came established, only to arrive eventually at the unsatisfactory 

 conclusion that living things are interdependent. 



LITERATURE CITED 



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fungus," Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst., 77:431^40, 1941. 

 Bernard, X., "L'evolution dans la symbiose des Orchidees et leur champig- 

 nons commensaux," Ann. sci. not. Botan., 9: 1-96, 1909. 

 "Les mycorhizes des Solanum," Ann. sci. not. Botan., 14: 235-252, 1911. 

 Bernard, N., and J. Magrou, "Sur les mycorhizes des Pomme de terre 



sauvage," Ann. sci. not. Botan., 9 me. ser., 14: 252-258, 1911. 

 Bjorkman, Erik, "Uber die Bedingungcn dcr Mykorrhizabildung bei 



Kiefer und Fichte," Symbolae Botan. Upsalensis, 6, No. 2, 1942. 

 Bur(;es, A., "On the significance of mycorrhiza," Neiv Phytol., 35: 117-131, 



1936. 

 Constantin, J., "Sur l'heredite acquise," Comp. rend., 114: 1659-1662, 1922. 

 Frank, A. B., "Uber die auf Wurzelsymbiose beruhende Ernahrung gewisser 



Baume durch unterirdi'sche Pilze," Ber. dent, botan. Ges., 3: 128-145, 



1885. 

 Hatch, A. B., "The role of mvcorrhizae in afforestation," /. Forestry. 



34: 22-29, 1936. 

 "The physical basis of mycotrophy in Pinus," Black Rock Forest Bull.. 



6. 168pp. 1937. 

 Hatch, A. B., and K. D. Doak, "Mycorrhizal and other features of the root 



systems of Pinus," Arnold Arboretum /., 14: 85-99, 1933. 

 Kamienskv, F., "Die Ycgetationsorganender Mouotropa hypopitys L.," 



Botan. Z., 5^:458-461, 1881. 



