348 POISONOUS AND EDIBLE FUNGI 



Entoloma lividum and E. sinuatum. Entoloma is characterized 

 by being pink-spored with gills that are adnate to sinuate. All the 

 species should be avoided. Entoloma lividum and E. sinuatum 

 have been proved to be poisonous. Thev differ mainly in that 

 the stipe of E. lividum is solid and of E. sinuatum hollow. They 

 grow gregariously in the woods. The fructifications are 3 to 5 in. 

 tall. The caps are 2 to 3 in. broad, convex, becoming centrally 

 depressed, moist, even, and vellowish white, with a wavy margin 

 and sulcate surface. 



Panaeolus papilionaceus and P. retirugis. In Panaeolus are in- 

 cluded black-spored agarics that grow on dung or on grassy, 

 manured ground. The pilei are thin, with even margins that ex- 

 tend beyond the gills. The gills are spotted with brown and black; 

 the stipes are long and slender. The pilei of both P. papilionaceus 

 and P. retirugis are conic and grayish to smoky, with fragments of 

 veil attached around the margin. The centers of the pilei are com- 

 monly darker than the margins. The gills are adnate and, as the 

 caps expand, tend to separate more and more from the stipe. 



Boletus sat anus, B. luridus, and B. mineato-ol'rcaceus. In Boletus 

 are placed fleshv, central-stalked polypores. The caps are con- 

 vex, and the pore layer is quite readily separable from the sub- 

 stance of the cap. Many discolor immediately on being bruised. 

 Some persons maintain that none of the species should be eaten. 

 Many are bitter and possess disagreeable odors. Boletus mineato- 

 olivaceus possesses caps 2 to 6 in. broad. They are red, becoming 

 ochre-red with a«e. The flesh is yellow but instantly becomes 

 blackish blue when bruised. 



The caps of B. luridus, about 8 in. across, are dirty olivaceous 

 yellow; the flesh is vellowish, becoming blue. The tubes are yel- 

 lowish, becoming green. The stipes are approximately 6 in. long 

 and yellowish above and blackish at the base. 



Hygrophorus conicus. Hvgrophorus contains the white-spored 

 species in which the tissue of the cap is continuous with that of the 

 stem. The <nlls are distant, the edge being acute at the margin, 

 are gradually thickened toward the stipe, and are characteristically 

 waxy, appearing to be sodden. Hygrophorus conicus grows in 

 woods in mossy or grassv situations. It has conic pilei, about 2 in. 

 broad, fragile, slightly viscid, and red, orange, or yellow, blacken- 

 ing when bruised. Gills are close, ventricose, almost free, and 

 yellowish. Stipes are yellow, fibrous, equal, and striate. 



