TAXONOM1C STUDIES 431 



LeClerg and Smith (1928), Jensen (1931), Cobb (1932), and 

 Gillman (1944). 



The list of Oudeman and Koning (1902), from Netherlands 

 includes 45 species, 9 of which are Alucorales. Lendner (1908) 

 described 9 new species of Mucorales among the fungi which he 

 isolated from soils in Switzerland. Hagem (1910) isolated 18 

 species of Alucorales from field, meadow, forest, and garden soils 

 in Norway, 9 of them being new species. 



Dale (1912, 1914) isolated more than 100 species of fungi from 

 soils in England. Jensen (1912) isolated 35 species in New York 

 state. Waksman (1917) obtained from different sections of the 

 United States and Hawaii 25 soil samples, from which he isolated 

 more than 200 species, 137 of which he was able to identify. 

 Among the genera represented were Absidia, Alucor, Rhizopus, 

 Zygorhynchus, Saccharomyces, Hypoderma, Sordaria, Sphaero- 

 nema, Monilia, Oidium, Papulospora, Aspergillus, Penicillium, 

 Scopulariopsis, Rhinotrichum, Sepedonium, Botrytis, Verticil- 

 lium, Acrostalagmus, Cephalothecium, Stachybotrvs, Dematium, 

 Cladosporium, Alternaria, Macrosporium, Helminthosporium, 

 Stysanus, and Fusarium. The summary by Brierley (1923) in 

 1923 indicated that up to that time there had been recorded from 

 isolations from soils 56 species in 11 genera of Phy corny cetes, 12 

 species in 8 genera of Ascomy cetes, and 197 species in 62 genera 

 of Fungi Imperfecti, including Actinomycetes. This did not in- 

 clude, of course, the startling multitude of species of Basidiomy- 

 cetes that grow especially in forest soils. Later the report by 

 Gilman and Abbott (1927) listed a total of 61 genera, including 

 242 species from Iowa soils. A later, more comprehensive report 

 by Gilman (1944) contained a list of 198 species of Phycomycetes, 

 30 Ascomycetes, and 383 Fungi Imperfecti. Paine (1927) de- 

 scribed as new 5 among the 31 species isolated. 



Beginning with the studies of Harvey (1925), there has been a 

 lively interest in the occurrence of Phycomycetes, especially water 

 molds in soils. Harvey isolated the following species: Brevilegnia 

 diclina, Geolegnia inflata, G. septisporangia, Leptolegnia subter- 

 ranea, Saprolegnia ferax, hoachlya eccentrica, and Achlya caro- 

 liniana. Among other soil-inhabiting species are Allomyces arbus- 

 cula, A. javanicus, A. cysto genus and A. moniliformis. These spe- 

 cies, especially A. arbuscula, appear to be widely distributed 



