FUNGI OCCURRING ON OR WITHIN INSECTS 441 



Spicaria jarinosa. Spicaria javanica attacks the cottony cushion 

 scale, I eery a purehasi, in Puerto Rico. 



According to Petch (1921), there are about 50 valid species of 

 Hvpocrella, most of them parasitic on scale insects. A consider- 

 able number possess a pvenidial stage belonging to Aschersonia. 

 The first Aschersonia to be described was A. aleyrodis on Aley- 

 rodes citri, collected in Florida, in 1894. 



Other parasites of scales are mostly species of Myriangium, 

 Sphaerostilbe, Nectria, and Podonectria. Of the 15 species of 

 Myriangium recognized by Petch (1924a), 4 are entomogenous, 

 namely M. duriaei, M. curtisii, M. montagnei, and M. thueakesii. 



Apparently the first entomogenous fungus on scales was col- 

 lected in Normandy and given the name Microcera coccophila by 

 Desmazieres in 1848 [Petch (1921)]. This is a conidial stage, and 

 soon thereafter the Tulasne brothers wrongly attached this name 

 to Sphaerostilbe coccophila. Petch, however, maintains that 5. 

 flammea is the correct perithecial-stage name for Microcera cocco- 

 phila, which is a widely distributed fungus on scales in North 

 America. The next scale parasite to be recognized was collected 

 on orange twigs in Ceylon and identified as Nectria aurantiicola. 

 Later Luttrell (1944) studied the development of this species, 

 using the name Sphaerostilbe aurantiicola, which is widely present 

 in the Orient and in the southeastern United States. Like 5. 

 -flammea, it possesses a similar conidial (Microcera) stage. 



Perhaps the most remarkable of the fungi that attack insects 



of Spicaria javanica with phialides and conidia. E. Conidia of S. javanica. 



F. Conidiophore and conidia of V erticillhim heterocladium, parasitic on 

 Aleyrodes. G. Botrvoid clusters of conidiophores of Beanveria bassiana, 

 bearing conidia. H. Mature conidia of B. bassiana. I. Germinating conidia 

 of B. bassiana. J. Flask-shaped phialides terminating conidiophore branches 

 of B. bassiana. K. Colony of young resting spores of Sorosporella uvella 

 from diseased cutworm, showing budding. L. Mature resting spores of 5. 

 uvella with remains of walls of cohering spores. M. Mature conidia (sec- 

 ondary) of S. uvella. N. Verticillate conidiophore of 5. uvella, bearing 

 secondary conidia. O. Conidia (Microcera) of Sphaerostilbe aurantiicola. 

 P. Ascus of S. aurantiicola. (A, B, C, D, and E after Petch, F after Fawcett, 



G, H, I and / after Lefebvre, K, L, M and N after Speare, and O and P 



after Luttrell.) 



