466 MARINE FUNGI 



In 1895 Hauptfleisch (1895) described as a new genus and spe- 

 cies Astreptonema longispora, occurring in the intestine of Gam- 

 marus locust a. He regarded it as among the Saprolegniaceae, but 

 Saccardo {Sylloge Fungomm, 14: 446) placed it among the chy- 

 trids. In 1920 Thaxter (1920) found a closely related organism 

 growing exposed on the anal plates of beetle, Passalus sp., and 

 properly assigned it the name Enter obryus compressus. He was 

 of the opinion that the organism described by Hauptfleisch is an 

 Enterobryus and that it belongs among the Phycomycetes, near 

 the Saprolegniaceae. 



The ordinal name Eccrinales has been employed to include 

 Enterobryus and several related genera, all of which have the 

 same growth habit and form endogenous non-motile spores. None 

 of them is genuinely aquatic, although some species, such as 

 Eccrinopsis hydropilontni, parasitize aquatic beetles. No accord 

 has been reached on the relationship of the Eccriniales to other 

 fungi, but presumably they are related to the Saprolegniales. The 

 reports by Leger and Duboscq (1916) and Poisson (1929) will 

 introduce the reader to the status of this strange order of fungi. 



Only one species of Pvthium having a marine habitat has been 

 recorded. Sparrow (1934) obtained it from Ceramium rubruvi 

 and described it as Pythium mar mum. 



MARINE ASCO.MYCETES * 



Representatives of the Sphaeriales, Dothidiales, and Hysteriales 

 have been found on marine plants and animals. Most of the known 

 species occur on marine algae. Among the 35 species of marine 

 seed plants, included in 8 genera, all monocotyledonous, only 

 Zostera and Posidonia are known to serve as hosts for ascomyce- 

 tous fungi. Ophiobolus halimus on Zostera marina is associated 

 with the'so-called "wasting disease," which has wrought so much 

 havoc with this valuable marine species. Amphisphaeria posi- 

 doniae has long been known on Posidonia Oceania. 



Of most interest, perhaps, are those species that are thought 

 to be symbiotic. Reed (1902) found that the Guignardia alas- 

 kana-Prasiola borealis complex approaches that of an ordinary 

 terrestrial lichen. The fronds are entirely dissimilar to those of 

 normal Prasiola. In the Uha calif ornica-Guignardia ulvae com- 

 plex, how ever, thickenings appear in the tissues surrounding the 



