THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 87 



In Say's time, (about 1S25), this insect was known only as Southern. 

 He says : " It has not been found so far north as Pennsylvania." Gosse, 

 in Canadian Naturalist, p. 246, 1840, mentions seeing an example in 

 Canada. Mr. Scudder, 1863, includes it among the butterflies of New 

 England, but says he has seen only a single specimen from N. E. I find 

 in my notes that it has been taken at Orono, Maine (I think by Prof 

 Fernald), and on Mt. Holyoke, Mass., by Prof H. W. Parker. At the 

 West, Lieut. Carpenter has sent it to me from Fort Niobrara, Neb. Gosse, 

 in his Letters from Alabama, p. 122, 1859, speaks of the butterfly (under 

 name of Hipparchia Andromacha) as common in Alabama, and mentions 

 its habit of frequenting the foot of a particular tree for many successive 

 days, and sallying out on any passing butterfly, and after performing 

 sundry circumvolutions, retiring to its chosen spot of observation again. 

 He regards it as particularly " social and gamesome." 



Portlandia is not a very common species in this part of West Virginia, 

 probably because we have so little open forest at low elevation, the 

 mountains rising abruptly from very narrow strips of bottom land. It is 

 a forest species, not being found in the open fields so far as I have 

 observed. Apparently it must swarm in certain localities in other States. 

 Mr. Lewis Ullrich, of Tiffin, O., wrote me August, 1881, that ten days 

 before he had taken about 150 good specimens, and rejected many not 

 good, in a certain piece of woods near by, stating that they seemed to be 

 confined to this particular spot, and so far as he knew were unknown else- 

 where in that county. Mr. Ullrich, at my request, made another excur- 

 sion, and succeeded in obtaining a female which he tied in a bag over 

 grass, and so got a dozen eggs for me, 3rd Sept. From these I raised five 

 larvae to maturity. I have myself found great difficulty in obtaining eggs 

 of Portlandia by this method, and have repeatedly failed. But twice 

 succeeded, and carried a few larvae over winter, only to lose all before 

 chrysalis. Except in a single case, when the larva reached 4th moult i8th 

 Sept., and presently died, all I have bred have gone into lethargy soon 

 after 3rd moult. But the eggs have always been laid late in the season. 

 Two moults are passed in the spring, but probably 4 moults are all which 

 larvae of the summer broods require. I have taken the butterfly, in 

 different years, as early as iSth May, and through each month to ist 

 Sept., and I apprehend there are three annual generations here, the first in 

 May, the second middle of July, the third late in August, as I have taken 

 fresh examples at these times. Say describes the caterpillar briefly, thus : 



