THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 



found it recently injuring the vines at Paris. There are no symptoms 

 which indicate the first onset of this insect ; it is only after the Phylloxera 

 has destroyed a large portion of the roots, that the vine assumes a sickly 

 aspect, becoming stunted in its growth and yellow in the foliage. On 

 examining the roots of a vine so affected, most of the small rootlets — 

 through which the vine draws the chief part of its nourishment — are 

 found dead and with many small knots and swellings on them. If a few 

 freshly formed, living rootlets can be found, which may in such cases be 

 looked for about the crown of the vine, these minute lice will usually be 

 seen clustering upon them, often surrounded by groups of their eggs, and 

 causing little swellings thereon ; but it frequently happens that when the 

 vines have reached this depleted condition, no insects can be found ; they 

 have entirely left them, and traversing the interlacing roots of other vines, 

 found their way to richer pastures. 



This insect occurs in two very different forms ; in one, known as the 

 gall-inhabiting type, it is found upon the vine leaves, producing in June, 

 July and August globular or cup-shaped galls of varying sizes, of a green- 

 ish red or yellowish color, with their outer surface uneven and somewhat 

 woolly. The enlargement is on the under side of the leaf, and if one is 

 cut into, it will be found to contain from one to four orange colored, wing- 

 less lice, and a large number of very minute, oval, pale yellow eggs, with 

 some newly hatched lice. Soon the gall becomes too thickly populated, 

 when the surplus lice wander oft" through its partly opened mouth on the 

 upper side of the leaf, and establish themselves on the same leaf or on 

 adjoining younger leaves, where the irritation occasioned by their punc 

 tures causes the formation of new galls, within which the lice mature and 

 increase. These galls are quite common, especially on leaves of the 

 Clinton and other thin-leaved varieties, also on the wild grape; they 

 sometimes occur in such abundance as to cause the leaves to turn brown 

 and fall prematurely from the vine, and instances are recorded of defoli- 

 ation from this cause. Late in the season, as the leaves become less 

 succulent, the lice either perish or seek other quarters, and some of them 

 find their way to the roots of the vines and establish themselves as already 

 described, where, with their change of habit, there follows a slight differ- 

 ence in their appearance. During the winter they remain torpid, renewing 

 their activity in spring. As the summer advances, a portion of the root 

 lice acquire wings, when they issue from the ground, and rising in the air, 

 they fly or are carried with the wind to neighboring vineyards, where they 



