GENUS 7. 



FERN FAMILY. 



3. Dryopteris simulata Davenp. Dodge's 

 Shield-fern. Fig. 39. 



Aspidium simulatum Davenp. Bot. Gaz. 19 : 495. 1894. 

 Dryopteris simulata Davenp. Bot. Gaz. 19: 497. 1894. 

 As synonym. 



Rootstock wide-creeping, slender, brownish; stipes 

 6'-2o' long, straw-colored, dark brown at base, with 

 deciduous scales; blades S'-2o' long, 2 '-7' wide, 

 oblong-lanceolate, membranous, once pinnate, little 

 or not at all narrowed at the base, the apex abruptly 

 acuminate, attenuate; pinnae 12-20 pairs, lanceolate, 

 deeply pinnatifid, the segments oblique, oblong, ob- 

 tuse, entire or lightly crenate, slightly revolute in the 

 fertile leaf, ciliate, finely pubescent along the mid- 

 ribs ; veins simple ; sori rather large, somewhat 

 apart, mostly nearer the margin than the midrib; 

 indusia finely glandular, withering, persistent. 



In woodland swamps, Maine to Maryland. Reported 

 also from Missouri. Late summer. 



4. Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott. 

 Fragrant Shield-fern. Fig. 40. 



Polypodium fragrans L. Sp. PI. 1089. 1753. 



Aspidium fragrans Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. i8oo 2 :35. 1801. 



Dryopteris fragrans Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. 



Rootstock stout, erect, densely chaffy with brown 

 shining scales. Stipes 2' -4' long, chaffy; blades lanceo- 

 late to narrowly oblanceolate, 3'-i2' long, firm, aromatic, 

 nearly or quite 2-pinnate, the apex acute ; pinnae numer- 

 ous, i'-ii' long, oblong-lanceolate to deltoid-lanceolate, 

 usually subacute ; segments oblong, obtuse, adnate, de- 

 current, deeply incised to subentire, nearly covered by 

 the sori ; indusium thin, very large, nearly orbicular, 

 long-persistent, its margin ragged and sparingly gland- 

 ular, the sinus narrow. 



On rocks, Labrador to Alaska, south to Maine, New 

 Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 

 Ascends to 4000 ft. in Vermont. Also in Greenland, 

 Europe and Asia. Fragrant wood-fern. 



5. Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray. Crested Shield-fern. Fig. 41. 



Polypodium cristatum L. Sp. PI. 1090. 1753. 



Aspidium cristatum Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. i8oo 2 : 37. 



1801. 



Dryopteris cristata A. Gray, Man. 631. 1848. 



Rootstock stout, creeping, densely chaffy. Sterile 

 leaves low, short-stipitate, spreading, much shorter 

 than the fertile, evergreen. Fertile leaves rigidly 

 erect, ii-3i long, long-stipitate, withering; blades 

 i-2-J long, 3'-6' broad, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 

 acuminate, deeply bipinnatifid, dark green; pinnae 

 spaced, oblong-lanceolate to triangular-ovate or the 

 lower ones subtriangular ; deeply pinnatifid into 6-10 

 pairs of oblong to triangular-oblong, obtuse, finely 

 serrate segments, the basal ones more deeply cut; 

 sori nearly medial; indusia large, orbicular-reniform, 

 glabrous. 



In wet woods and swamps, Newfoundland to Sas- 

 katchewan, south to Virginia, Kentucky, Arkansas, Ne- 

 braska and Idaho. Ascends to 2700 ft. in Maryland. 

 Also in Europe and Asia. July Aug. Crested-fern or 

 crested wood-fern. 



