GENUS /. 



SEDGE FAMILY. 



337 



30. Scirpus lineatus Michx. Reddish Bulrush. Fig. 830. 



Scirpus lineatus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 32. 1803. 



Perennial by stout rootstocks ; culms rather slender, 

 triangular, erect, i-4i high, leafy, the upper leaves 

 and those of the involucre not exceeding the inflores- 

 cence. Leaves 2" -4" wide, light green, flat, rough- 

 margined ; umbels terminal and commonly also axil- 

 lary, decompound, the rays very slender, becoming 

 pendulous ; spikelets mostly solitary at the ends of the 

 slender raylets, oblong, obtuse, 3 "-5" long, about i" 

 in diameter; scales ovate or oblong, reddish-brown 

 with a green midvein, their tips slightly spreading; 

 bristles 6, weak, smooth, entangled, much longer than 

 the achene, equalling the scales or slightly protruded 

 beyond them at maturity; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; 

 achene oblong or oblong-obovoid, pale brown, nar- 

 rowed at both ends, 3-angled, short-beaked. 



In swamps and wet meadows, Ontario to New Hamp- 

 shire, Georgia, Oregon, Kansas and Texas. June-Sept. 



31. Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool-grass. Fig. 831. 



Eriophorum cyperinum L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 77. 1762. 

 Scirpus cyperinus Kunth, Enum. 2: 170. 1837. 

 5". Eriophorum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 33. 1803. 

 S. pedicellatns Fernald, Rhodora 2: 16. 1900. 



Perennial by stout rootstocks; culms stout or slen- 

 der, smooth, obtusely triangular or nearly terete, stiff, 

 leafy, 2-6 tall. Leaves elongated, 2" -3" wide, rough- 

 margined, the upper often overtopping the culm, those 

 of the involucre 3-6, their bases often brown or black, 

 the longer much exceeding the terminal, compound 

 umbel; spikelets ovoid-oblong, obtuse, il"-$" long, in 

 capitate clusters of 3-15 at the ends of the raylets, or 

 some or all of them stalked; scales ovate or lanceolate, 

 acute or subacute; bristles 6, entangled, smooth, much 

 longer than the achene, much exserted beyond the 

 scales and brown or reddish at maturity; stamens 3; 

 style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled, oblong, slender-beaked, 

 nearly white. 



In swamps, Newfoundland to Ontario, Saskatchewan, Florida and Louisiana. Clump-head 

 grass. Aug.-Sept. Consists of many races with spikelets stalked or sessile. 



Scirpus atrocinctus Fernald, characterized by black bases of the involucral leaves, is of 

 northern range and may be specifically distinct. 



Scirpus Longii Fernald, recently published as a distinct species of the New Jersey pine-barrens, 

 appears to be the same as -S\ atrocinctus. 



8. FUIRENA Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 70. />/. /p. /. j. 1773. 



Perennial sedges, with leafy triangular culms (in a southern species the leaves reduced 

 to inflated sheaths) and many-flowered terete spikelets in terminal and axillary clusters, or 

 rarely solitary. Scales spirally imbricated all around, awned, the I or 2 lower commonly 

 empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3 ovate-oblong or cordate-ovate, stalked, often awned 

 scales, usually alternating with as many downwardly barbed bristles. Stamens 3. Style 

 3-cleft, not swollen at the base, deciduous. Achene stalked or nearly sessile, sharply 3-angled, 

 acute or mucronate, smooth. [In honor of George Fuiren, 1581-1628, Danish physician.] 



About 30 species, natives of warm-temperate and tropical regions. Besides the following. 4 

 others occur in the southern United States. Type species: Fuirena nmbcllata Rottb. 



Perianth-scales awned from the apex or awnless. 



Annual ; perianth-scales long-awned. 



Perennial ; perianth-scales short-awned or awnless. 

 Perianth-scales awned on the back below the apex. 



1. F. squarrosa. 



2. F. hispida. 



3. F. simplex. 



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