CYPERACEAE. 



VOL. I. 



i. Fuirena squarrosa Michx. Umbrella- 

 grass. Fig. 832. 



F. squarrosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 37. 1803. 

 F. squarrosa van pmnila Torr. Fl.U. S. i : 68. 1824. 



Annual, with fibrous roots, the rootstocks 

 very short or none; culms tufted, glabrous or 

 t nearly so, 2'-! tall. Leaves flat, nearly or 

 / quite glabrous or the lower sheaths pubescent; 

 spikelets sessile and i-io together in terminal 

 and often also lateral capitate clusters, ovoid 

 or ovoid-oblong, acute or obtuse, 3 "-6" long, 

 about 2\" in diameter ; scales ovate or oblong, 

 brown, pubescent, mostly obtuse, 3-nerved, 

 tipped with a stout spreading or recurved awn 

 of nearly their own length; perianth-scales 

 oblong to ovate, long-stalked, usually narrowed 

 at both ends, tapering into a slender terminal 

 downwardly barbed awn ; bristles mostly longer 

 than the achene. 



In wet meadows and marshes, Massachusetts to 

 Florida and Louisiana. Also in Michigan and In- 

 diana. July-Sept. 



2. Fuirena hispida Ell. Hairy Fuirena. 

 Fig- 833. 



Fuirena hispida Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. i : 579. 1821. 

 F. squarrosa hispida Chapm. Fl. S. States 514. 1860. 



Perennial by short rootstocks which often bear 

 tubers; culms glabrous or pubescent, 8'-2s high. 

 Leaves flat, both the blades and the sheaths more 

 or less densely hirsute ; spikelets 2-8 together in 

 capitate terminal and usually also axillary clusters, 

 similar to those of the preceding species, the 

 scales with spreading or recurved awns; perianth- 

 scales deltoid-ovate, cordate to rounded at the base, 

 stalked, tipped with a short smooth awn or merely 

 mucronate; bristles mostly downwardly barbed, 

 shorter or longer than the achene. 



Wet grounds, New York(?), New Jersey to Florida, 

 Kentucky, Indian Territory and Texas. June-Oct. 



3. Fuirena simplex Vahl. Western Um- 

 brella-grass. Fig. 834. 



Fuirena simplex Vahl, Enuni. 2: 384. 1806. 



Fuirena squarrosa var. aristulata Torr. Ann. Lye. N. 

 Y. 3 : 291. 1836. 



Similar to the preceding species, rootstock 

 short, thick; culms slender, 5'-2 tall, glabrous. 

 Leaves flat, glabrous or ciliate ; scales tipped 

 with a spreading or reflexed awn ; sepals ovate- 

 oblong, obtuse and usually notched at the apex, 

 obtuse, truncate or subcordate at the base, longer 

 or shorter than their stalks, awned on the back 

 from below the apex, the awn varying in length, 

 smooth or downwardly barbed ; bristles re- 

 trorsely hispid, equalling or exceeding the ses- 

 sile or short-stalked achene. 



In moist soil. Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, Texas 

 and Mexico. Also in Cuba. June-Sept. 



