GENUS 20. 



ORCHID FAMILY. 



20. OPHRYS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 945. 1753- 

 [LISTERA R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 5: 201. 1813.] 



Small herbs, with fibrous or sometimes rather fleshy-fibrous roots, bearing a pair of 

 opposite green leaves near the middle, and I or 2 small scales at the base of the stem. 

 Flowers in terminal racemes, spurless. Sepals and petals nearly alike, spreading or reflexed, 

 free. Anther without a lid, erect, jointed to the column. Pollinia 2, powdery, united to a 

 minute gland. Capsule ovoid or obovoid. [Greek, the eyebrow.] 



About 12 species, natives of the north temperate and arctic zones. Besides the folowing, another 

 occurs in northwestern North America. Type species : Oplirys ovata L. 



Lip broadly wedge-shaped, retuse or 2-lobed at the apex. 

 Leaves oval ; pedicels and ovaries glandular. 

 Leaves reniform ; pedicels and ovaries glabrous. 

 Lip oblong or linear. 



Lip broad, 2-cleft J4~H its length ; base auricled. 

 Lip 2-cleft about */* its length. 



Lip twice as long as the petals, with lateral teeth. 4. O. cordata. 



Lip 4-8 times as long as the petals, with auricles at the base. 5. O. australis. 



1. O. convallarioides. 



2. O.Smallii. 



3. O. aitriculata. 



i. Ophrys convallarioides (Sw.) W. F. Wight. Broad-lipped Twayblade. 



Fig. 1397. 



Epipactis convallarioides Sw. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. 



(II.) 21 : 232. 1800. 



List era convallarioides Torr. Comp. 320. 1826. 

 O, convallarioides W. F. Wight, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 380. 



1905. 



Stem 4'-io' high, glandular-pubescent above the 

 leaves. Leaves smooth, round-oval or ovate, obtuse or 

 cuspidate at the apex, sometimes slightly cordate or 

 reniform at the base, 3-o,-nerved. Raceme ii'-3' long, 

 loosely 3-i2-flowered; flowers greenish yellow, pedicels 

 filiform, bracted, 3"-4" long; petals and sepals linear- 

 lanceolate, much shorter than the lip ; lip broadly 

 wedge-shaped, with 2 obtuse lobes at the dilated apex, 

 generally with a tooth on each side at base; column 

 elongated, but shorter than- the lip, a little incurved, 

 with 2 short projecting wings above the anther; capsule 

 obovoid, about 3" long. 



In woods, Newfoundland to Alaska and California, south 

 to Vermont and Michigan. June-Aug. 



2. Ophrys Smallii (Wiegand) House. Kidney-leaf Twayblade. Fig. 1398. 



Listera reniformis Small, Bull. Torr. Club 24 : 334. 



1897. Not D. Don. 



L. Smallii Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 169. 1890. 

 O. Smallii House, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 379. 1905. 



Perennial, deep green. Stems erect, 4' -12' tall, 

 slender, glabrous below, densely glandular-pubes- 

 cent above ; leaves reniform, or ovate-reniform, 

 5" -i 4" broad, apiculate or short-acuminate, pubes- 

 cent beneath, cordate or subcordate, sessile ; 

 racemes i'-4' long; bracts lanceolate to ovate- 

 lanceolate, \\"-2k" long, acute; pedicels 2" -4" 

 long; sepals oblong or linear-oblong, about li" 

 long, reflexed ; corolla greenish, the lip wedge- 

 shaped, 3"~3*" long, with 2 prominent teeth near 

 the base, sharply cleft, the segments obtuse; cap- 

 sules oval, 2."-2\" long. 



In damp thickets in the mountains, Pennsylvania 

 to Virginia and North Carolina. Also in eastern 

 Asia. Formerly confused with the preceding species. 

 Spring and summer. 



