620 FAGACEAE. 



9. Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe. 

 Elliott's Oak. Fig. 1522. 



Q. falcata pagodaefolia Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2 : 605. 



1824. 

 Q. pagodaefolia Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 24: 375. 1897. 



A tree, attaining a maximum height of about 

 100, with a trunk diameter up to nearly 5, the 

 thick, close, scaly bark grayish-brown, the young 

 twigs velvety-pubescent. Leaves ovate to oblong 

 in outline, 6'-i2' long, dark green and shining- 

 above, pale and persistently tomentose beneath, 

 5-n-lobed, the lobes and teeth bristle-tipped, the 

 petiole 2' long or less; styles long, spreading; 

 fruit maturing the second autumn, very short- 

 stalked; cup shallowly top-shaped, its scales ob- 

 long, pubescent ; acorn subglobose, about 5" long 

 and twice as long as the cup. 



Borders of swamps and streams, Massachusetts to 

 Florida, Illinois, Missouri and Arkansas. 



10. Quercus ilicifolia Wang. Bear or Scrub Oak. Fig. 1523. 



Quercus rubra nana Marsh. Arb. Am. 123. 1785. 

 Quercus ilicifolia Wang. Amer. 79. pi. 6. f. 17. 1787. 

 Quercus nana Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 93. 1895. 



A shrub or rarely a small tree, often forming 

 dense thickets, maximum height about 25, and trunk 

 diameter 6'; bark gray, nearly smooth. Leaves 

 mostly obovate, 2.'-$' long, short-petioled, dark 

 green and glabrous above, grayish-white tomentu- 

 lose beneath, 3-/-lobed, the lobes triangular-ovate, 

 acute, bristle-tipped; styles recurved; fruit matur- 

 ing the second autumn ; cup saucer-shaped, 4" -6" 

 broad, with a turbinate or rounded base; its bracts 

 lanceolate, appressed ; acorn globose-ovoid, more or 

 less longer than the cup. 



In sandy or rocky soil, Maine to Ohio, North Carolina 

 and Kentucky. Wood hard, strong, light brown. May. 

 Acorns ripe Oct.-Nov. Holly, bitter or barren oak. 

 Bitter-bush or black scrub-oak. Dwarf black-oak. 



A hybrid of this, presumably with Q. coccinea, was 

 found by Dr. Robbins at Uxbridge, Mass. 



ii. Quercus marilandica Mnench. Black- 

 jack or Barren Oak. Fig. 1524. 



Quercus nigra /3 L. Sp. PI. 995. 1753. 



Quercus marilandica Muench. Hausv. 5: 253. 1770. 



A tree, sometimes 60 high, usually lower ; maxi- 

 mum trunk diameter 2 ; bark nearly black, very 

 rough in ridges. Leaves obovate in outline, stel- 

 late-pubescent above and brown-tomentose beneath 

 when young, 3~5-lobed toward the broad usually 

 nearly truncate apex, cuneate below, the lobes short, 

 entire or sparingly toothed, bristle-tipped; mature 

 leaves dark green, glabrous above, paler and more 

 or less floccose beneath, 3'-/' long, 2'-$' wide ; fruit 

 maturing the second autumn ; styles recurved ; cup 

 deep, 5"-8" broad, its bracts oblong-lanceolate, ap- 

 pressed, pubescent ; acorn ovoid, 2-3 times as high 

 as the cup. 



In dry soil, Long Island, N. Y., to Minnesota, Ne- 

 braska, Florida and Texas. Wood hard, strong, dark brown ; weight per cubic 'foot 46 Ibs. May- 

 June. Acorns ripe Oct.-Nov. Iron or jack-oak. 



Quercus Rudkini Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 9 : 14, a hybrid of this with Q. Phellos, occurs from 

 Staten Island, N. Y., to North Carolina. . 



Quercus Brittoni W. T. Davis, Scien. Am. 67: 145, is a hybrid with O. ilicifolia. Staten 

 Island, N. Y. 



