woodworth: geological expedition to brazil and chile. 71 



Permian 



Passa dois series 



Rocinha limestone 



Estrada nova beds 



Iraty black shale 

 Rio Tuberao series 



Rio Bonito beds 



Orleans conglomerate 



In this report we are concerned mainly with the beds grouped in 

 the above section under the head of the Orleans conglomerate at the 

 base of the Permian section in southeastern Santa Catharina. 



Dr. White (1908, p. 51) describes the Orleans conglomerate as 

 follows : — 



" Resting upon these lower sandstones and shales often in apparent 

 conformity, we find a coarse conglomerate which is well exposed in 

 the town of Orleans, Santa Catharina, from which locality it has been 

 named. It contains boulders of granite, quartzite, and other hard 

 rocks, some of which are 20 to 25 centimeters in diameter. The same 

 formation is frequently visible along the Rio Tuberao between ^Nlinas 

 and 2 kilometers below. The bore hole put down near ]Minas station 

 began near the top of this rock and passed through the same at a 

 depth of 5.35 meters. In Rio Grande do Sul large granite blocks are 

 frequently found at this horizon, as well as at many points in Parana 

 and the adjoining region of Santa Catharina, where several localities, 

 near Rio Xegro, 10 kilometers from any outcrop of granite, exhibit 

 granite boulders in vast numbers up to 3 meters in diameter, all 

 embedded in a fine and apparently unstratified gray muddy sediment. 

 A very coarse deposit with large rounded boulders of granite, quartzite, 

 sandstone, silicified wood, etc., may also be seen resting unconforma- 

 bly upon Devonian shales at Ponta Grossa, and other localities in 

 that region. This deposit appears to correspond closely to the Dwyka 

 conglomerate of South Africa, and most probably, like it, is of glacial 

 origin, although no scratches were observed upon the boulders in 

 question." Between the conglomerate and the base there usually 

 intervenes a few meters of sanflstones and shales. In the boring at 

 Minas, these beds together with the conglomerate are said to have a 

 thickness of twenty-seven meters. On the road from Lages to 

 Florianopolis farther north the total thickness is from 150- to 160 

 meters (White, loc. cit., p. 49). At Xarqueadas, in Rio Grande do 

 Sul near the right bank of the Rio Jacuhy a boring was put down in 



