6 bulletin: mitsetjm of comparative zoology. 



aflForded by Dr. Derby and his coadjutor many of the best locaUties 

 would not have been found in the short time that was at my disposal. 



Dr. Joao Cardoso, the Director of the Geological and Geographical 

 Commission of Sao Paulo kindly detailed Dr. Pacheco, Geologist of 

 that survey to accompany me on the trip from Itaicy to Piracicaba 

 in that state and to Dr. Pacheco's acquaintance with that region I 

 owe much. 



In Chile, as a delegate of Harvard University to the Pan-American 

 Congress held in December, 1908, I was accorded free transportation 

 on the government railways through the courtesy of the Director of 

 railways, a privilege which I exercised in the journey from Concepcion 

 to Valdivia and return to Santiago and thence eventually to Val- 

 paraiso Special rates were also given in the passage on the Chilean 

 steamer Limari from Valparaiso to Panama; both of these favors 

 reduced the expenses of the Shaler ^Memorial Expedition. 



Prof. Robert DeC. Ward of Harvard University was appointed 

 a member of the Expedition to carry on studies in climatology and 

 to gather material for a course on the geography of South America. 

 He accompanied me as far as Ponta Grossa in Paranji, whence he 

 journeyed to Paranagua, going by steamer to Santos, thence by rail 

 to Sao Paulo, and so to Rio de Janeiro, from which port he took ship 

 for New York in August, 1908. The more important publications 

 resulting from his investigations are listed on p. 137. 



Mr. Winthrop P. Haynes, an undergraduate student in the Uni- 

 versity, was appointed Assistant in geology and accompanied me at his 

 own expense as far as Ponta Grossa and Paranagua, whence he also 

 returned to the United States in August, 1908. He aided in the 

 collection of rocks and fossils in northern Parana. 



I have retained the Portuguese spelling of the Brazilian names used 

 in the text. The pronunciation of these is similar to the Spanish but 

 the following peculiarities should be noted: — Ch is regularly and x 

 ordinarily equivalent to sh in English; g soft before e and i is like the 

 French j. Words ending in am and do have Portuguese nasal sounds 

 in which the nasal a is pronounced somewhat as ou in out with the 

 lips slightly closed at the end as if to give the letter m. Likewise 

 names ending in im are nasalized like ing in English but with the final 

 m sound slightly given. 



