woodworth: geological expedition to brazil and chile. 9 



border of the Brazilian tableland constituting the so-called Serra do 

 Mar. 



Many maps of Brazil published in that country bear lines of longi- 

 tude reckoned from the position of the National Observatory in Rio 

 de Janeiro, which lies in 43° 10' 21.15" West Long, from Greenwich. 

 The only high-grade maps, outside of certain municipal contoured 

 maps, have been published by the Comissao Geologica e Geographica 

 de Sao Paulo. Old-fashioned hachured maps of the topography exist 

 for some states but they are all inadequate for the purpose of geological 

 mapping The territory of Brazil is vast and the interior so little 

 developed that it cannot be expected that the general government can 

 undertake, at present, the making of such maps of its domain as exist 

 for several of the European states, or even a map of the serviceable 

 character of the topographic map of the United States of America. 

 In the case of the state of Parana I was not able to procure in 

 published form, even an approximately accurate map though a very 

 useful manuscript map is in existence to which I had access. The 

 small-scale map of Santa Catharina published by the State is fairly 

 good for exploratory work. The best general map of Sao Paulo is 

 that of Williams. 



Of the geological text-books which circulate mostly in Brazil, 

 owing to the higher education being based largeh' on the system of the 

 French, there are several editions of the elementary hand-book of the 

 late Professor de Lapparent. A Portuguese translation by Dr. B. F. 

 Ramiz Galvao, of the third edition of the elementary text, entitled 

 Resumo de Geologia, with appendices relating to the geology of Brazil 

 by Dr. Derby, is much used in the schools where geology is taught. 

 Prof. John C. Branner published in 1906 an elementary geological 

 text written in Portuguese with special reference to Brazilian students 

 and embellished with illustrations from native sources including cuts 

 of South American fossils. 



The National Exposition at Rio de Janeiro in 1908, held to com- 

 memorate the centenary of the opening of the ports of the countr}', 

 resulted in the bringing together of a collection of rocks and minerals 

 from many parts of this vast territory. Most of these exhibits were 

 intended to set forth the economic resources of the se^■eral states. 

 The best of these state collections was that from Sao Paulo formerly 

 under the directorship of Dr. Derby. From the new territory of Alto 

 Acre there was a small collection of rocks including a dark pebbly 

 sandstone locally used for whetstones, ferruginous sandstone, and a 

 fragment of an ironstone concretion, incorrectly labelled as an aerolite!. 



