224 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. 



in eastern Scania, present in western Scania, well developed in Vaster- 

 gotland at Hunneberg and Kinnekulle, and present though less 

 developed in other places. As previously noted, the shale is absent 

 at Ekedalen, and Fearnsides has pointed out that the shale thickens 

 in going away from Skofde and Ekedalen. Munthe gives the follow- 

 ing thicknesses at places on the Skofde sheet of the Geologic Map: 

 Ulunds, .6 meters, Backagarden .23 meters, Kapplunda .2 meters, 

 Persberg, absent, Skultorps Norra .9 meters. At Klefda in the west- 

 ern Falbygden region, not far from Falkoping, the thickness is three 

 meters, at Hunneberg, eleven meters (capped with diabase), and at 

 Kinnekulle, ten meters. As to fauna, it is only in eastern Scania that 

 the four subfaunules are developed. Here one sees, in descending 

 order: — (4), zone of Isograptiis gihheruhis, (3), zone of PhyUograptus 

 angustifolius. (2), zone of Didymograptus halticns. (1), zone of 

 Tetragraptus phyllograptoides. 



In connection with the thinning of the shales toward Ekedalen it is 

 important to note that at Hunneberg one finds the zones 1 and 2, at 

 Kinnekulle 1, 2, and 3, the Limbata limestone succeeding the shale, 

 but in the thin sections in the Skofde area PhyUograptus angustifolius 

 is reported as the most common graptolite, indicating the presence 

 there of zone 3. In other words, the shale has thinned by the loss of 

 the lower members, thus showing overlap in that direction and sus- 

 taining the idea that there was an island of Cambrian strata here in 

 early Ordovician times. The Ceratopyge formation also thins in this 

 direction, as shown by Munthe's measurements in the Skofde sheet: 

 Ulunda .3 meters, Backagarden .12, Kapplunda .4, Persberg .3, 

 Skultorps Xorra .9 and Skultorps Sodra .15. It has been argued 

 (\Yiman, 90) that the foot of conglomeratic and glauconitic limestone 

 resting on the Cambrian at Ekedalen represented the Ceratopyge 

 limestone, but this seems very improbable both on faunal and strati- 

 graphic grounds. 



It has been suggested that the lower part of the Lower Didymo- 

 graptus beds replace the Ceratopyge limestone in certain regions, but 

 the very general occurrence of the Tetragraptus phyllograptoides 

 faunule in shales resting on the youngest of the Ceratopyge zones 

 negatives this idea. That the Limbata limestone does replace the 

 upper part of the shale is, however, readily shown by the occurrence of 

 the fauna of the Isograptus gibberulus subzone in or above the Limbata 

 limestone on Oeland. 



In connection with the development of the Orthoceras limestone, 

 certain things should be noted. For instance, in those sections where 



