twenhofel: expedition to the Baltic pkovinces. 295 



bedded, semicrystalline, grayish blue limestones and thin sha,les are 

 exposed. Throughout most of the thickness the bedding is illy defined. 

 Some of the beds are quarried for construction purposes and these are 

 from four to six inches thick. The basal beds are more shalythan 

 those above and locally consist of 50% shale. The limestone is 

 similar to that of the other localities mentioned above. 



At Pallokiill Chapel, three to four miles south of Kertel, on the road 

 to Helterma, is an exposure of what appears to be the Kegel. The 

 outcrop is in the woods a short distance back of, and southwest of the 

 chapel, and the beds dip from ten to fifteen degrees northward. Un- 

 less the tilting of the Kegel is purely local and involves the higher beds, 

 it follows that the Lower Lyckholm rests unconformably on the former. 

 That the relations are disconformable appears fairly certain. 



Another exposure of what appears to be the Lower Lyckholm was 

 seen at Kappa-Koil, south of Reval, on the railroad to Pernau; but 

 the old quarry was almost wholly grassed over and no fossils were 

 collected. 



Near Muddis Krug, about two miles east of the railroad station. 

 Taps, is an outcrop of the Lyckholm which is of considerable im- 

 portance as the exposed beds are not far above the contact with the 

 Wesenberg and the locality is nearly at the eastern end of the Silurian 

 territory. A long low cutting on the railroad about a mile and a 

 half east of Taps exposes a dense fine-grained, almost unfossiliferous 

 limestone. In a small quarry nearer Taps, beds of a similar character 

 are exposed in which Cha^mops ivesenbergensis and a few other fossils 

 were collected which show the strata to belong to the Wesenberg. 



About a half mile south of the railroad cutting and a half mile west 

 of the Meinkerb residence is the old quarry referred to by Schmidt as 

 "near Muddis Krug." Only two feet of irregularly bedded, whitish 

 earthy limestone are now visible. The fauna from these beds con- 

 sists of such typical Lyckliolm forms as Poramhonitcs gigas, Pseudo- 

 lingula quadrata, Triplccia insularis, Halysites, Heleolites, and large 

 gastropods of the genera Hormotoma and Subulites, forms essentially 

 identical with those found in the Lyckholm beds on the Island of Dago 

 at the localitv where it overlies the Kegel, and thev show that the 

 lower beds of the formation are the same in the two widely separated 

 regions.^ 



The strata described in the preceding paragraphs do not exceed 



' For the information relating to the outcrops near Taps I am indebted to Professor 

 Raymond. 



