MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 153 



The well of Mr. James Campbell is thirty feet above high-water mark. 



50 ft. of gravel aud beach saud. 20 ft. of soapstone. 



270 ft. of tufli. • 110 ft. of brown clay. 



505 ft. of hard coral. 48 ft. blue lava. 



75 ft. of brown clay. 10 ft. of black clay. 



25 ft. of washed gravel. 18 ft. of clay. 



95 ft. of red clay. 249 ft. hard brown rock (lava). 



28 ft. of white coral. 



The well of Mr. A. Marques is at the mouth of Manoa Valley, 36.67 

 feet above high-water mark : — 



10 ft. of earth. 30 ft. of clay. 



20 ft. of coral. 150 ft. of lava. 



40 ft. of lava. 268 ft. of clay, rock, and lava. 



That of Mr. Dillingham is 38.72 feet above high water: — 

 90 ft. of loam. 25 ft. of coral. 



40 ft. of coral. 40 ft. of clay. 

 60 ft. of clay. 300 ft. of lava. 



That of Mr. Ward is 13.36 feet above high-water mark : — 



15 ft. of loam. 23 ft. of coral. 



180 ft. of hard coral. 107 ft. of sand. 



4 ft. of clay. 4 ft. of sand. 



24 ft. of coral and shells. 4 ft. of lava. 



41 ft. of clay. 18 ft. of lava rock. 

 10 ft. of hard coral. 35 ft. of rock. 



109 ft. of clay. 



There are in the Museum at Honolulu pieces of wood, charred or de- 

 composed, brought up from a depth of two hundred and fifty feet from 

 one of the artesian wells. This would merely indicate that the pieces 

 had been washed down from the mountain sides on the then existing 

 slope, aud would not necessarily indicate a subsidence. The alternat- 

 ing of so many successive layers of clay and coral and lava indicates, 

 in my opinion, merely the gradual extension seaward of the shore line as 

 fast as lava detritus was washed down or flowed over from successive 

 eruptions, while the growth of tlie layers of coral indicates the period 

 of rest during which the coral beds were deposited, each in its turn 

 being overwhelmed by a layer of lava or laval detritus, until we reach 

 the existing condition of things. That such a succession of coral 

 growth and lava beds actually took place in the past can safely be 



