The Grape-Berry Moth. 105 



berries are larger, the caterpillars live inside the berries (Fig. 14) on 

 thefpulp and seeds, often going into a second or third berry. They 

 get their growth in from three to four weeks, when they are about 

 three-eighths of an inch long and vary in color from dark greenish to 

 dark purplish with a light brown head and blackish thoracic shield. 

 The arrangement of the sparse covering of whitish hairs and other 

 details are well shown in the enlarged pictures of three full-grown 

 caterpillars in Fig. 18. This grape-berry moth is injurious only 

 during its life as a caterpillar. 



When through feeding, the caterpillars leave the berries and cut 

 curious little flaps from the leaves which they pull over and fasten, 

 and inside this they spin a thin, white, silken cocoon. Several of 

 these interesting cocoons were made on the leaf shown in Fig, 22. 

 Two to four days later, the caterpillar transforms in these cocoons 

 into the light greenish-brown pupa, shown enlarged in Fig, 21. 

 During the two weeks spent in this mummy-like pupa state in the 

 summer, the insect is made over or transformed into the adult form — 

 the pretty purpHsh-bro^Mi moth shown in Figs. 15 and 20. After 

 about Aug. 15 all the pupae hibernate and transform into the moths 

 the next May or June. 



There are thus four life-stages in the development of the grape- 

 berry moth — the scale-like eggs (Figs. 13 and 16), the destructive 

 caterpillars (Figs. 17 and 18), the mummy-Uke pupa (Fig. 21), and 

 the richly colored Uttle moths (Figs. 15 and 20). 



It is Not an European Insect. 



For nearly 35 years it has been the belief that the insect working 

 in the American vineyards was the common grape-berry moth of 

 Europe. In 1870, Dr. Riley sent some of the American moths to 

 Zeller, an expert in Prussia, who reported that they were the Euro- 

 pean grape pest, known as Eudemis botrana* No one seems to have 

 ever confirmed or even doubted Zeller's dictum and the American 

 insect has since borne the European name. 



In making a critical study of the literature in 1903, we were sur- 

 prised to find that in European records the grape-berry moth pupse 

 hibernate in cocoons on the trunk of the vines or on the trellis posts, 

 but in all American records, where hibernation is mentioned, it is said 

 to take place in cocoons on the fallen leaves. After searching for 

 several hours in a badly infested New York vineyard in autumn 

 and finding cocoons on the fallen leaves, but none elsewhere, we 



*Riley in Am. Ent., ii, p. 273; and Zeller in Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 32, p. 178. 



