328 Junior Naturalist Monthly. 



much meal, its digestion will be disturbed. Then, too, you must 

 sprinkle the meal over the bottom of a good-sized box, so that the 

 calf will eat slowly and mix the meal with the saliva of its mouth. 

 Cows designed for dairy cows should not be kept too fat when young, 

 or when they are grown they may forget to give great pailfuls of 

 frothy milk and put the fat or tallow on their backs instead of putting 

 butter fats into the pail. What Inakes the milk froth? Do you like 

 frothy milk? 



In Figs. 4 and 5, you will see two pictures of cows, drawn by a 

 Junior Naturalist. The cow illustrated in Fig. 5 was bred and raised 

 to produce milk; the one in Fig. 4 was bred and raised for beef. 

 Notice the difference in the shape of the two animals. 



Try to find a cow something like the milch cow in the picture. 

 First put your hand on her to see whether her hair is soft and the 

 skin pliable and not too thick, then run your fingers along her back- 

 bone. If it is rough, that is up-and-do^^^l, you may conclude that she 

 has some good marks of a dairy cow. Next you can examine the 

 underside of the abdomen for milk-veins. If these are large, then 

 you may know that there has been a large flow of blood to the udder, 

 to help to make the milk. When it was returned through the veins, 

 they were not large enovigh to carrj^ so much blood, so the veins 

 swelled and became large, sometimes larger than your finger. 



In the pictures, what difference do j^ou note between the necks of 

 the two animals? Can you go out to the stable and distinguish some 

 of the good dairy cows from those which resemble the picture of the 

 beef cow? If you can, then you have learned a hard and valuable 

 lesson, and have acquired some skill in seeing what you look at. 

 You will have to go to the stables many times and ask many questions, 

 if you learn the difference between the good cows and the poor ones ; 

 between the beef cows and the dairy cows. 



Most calves have two hard buttons on the top of their heads. 

 These soon grow fast to the skull and then the horns begin to grow 

 rapidly. See whether you can find these buttons. Which do you 

 like the better, horned cows or mulleys? If you like mulleys better, 

 when the calf is about two weeks old, shave the hair from around 

 the button, scrape the button c[uite clean, and then moisten it with 

 water. Buy a stick of caustic potash at the druggist's, moisten it a 

 little and rub it hard on the moistened button till it becomes slightly 

 soapy. Once is enough. Do not let the potash spread over a space 

 larger than a five-cent piece, or you will cause a bad sore to come 

 around the button. This is almost a painless way of making mulleys 

 from horned cattle. It makes me very unhappy when I hear the 



