Junior Naturalist Monthly. 329 



weak cow bellowing with pain because she has been hurt by the 

 horns of the strong boss cow. How many times do you suppose 

 that boss cow hooks the mulley during a year? Do you think cows 

 look better with or without horns? 



When the cow-calf grows to be about one year old, it is called a 

 heifer. When it begins to give milk, it is called a cow. How can 

 you tell the age of a cow, if it has horns? When you are feeding the 

 cow, see how many teeth it has for biting. How many in the lower 

 jaw? How many in the upper jaw? The large double teeth far 

 back in the mouth are for grinding. How many teeth has a sheep 

 for cutting? How many has a horse? When you have learned 

 about the teeth, tell why horses can bite the grass in the pasture 

 closer than cows can. 



If the pasture is good, the cow eats faster than the horse and then 

 lies down. The horse lies down but little and usually in the night. 

 Does the horse chew his cud? I wonder how many boys and girls 

 know what is meant by chewing the cud. When the cows were 

 wild, they ate rapidly in the morning when the wild beasts that they 

 feared were gone to their lairs. After eating their fill, they hid away 

 in the tall grass and ruminated, that is, chewed their cuds. They 

 could not run so fast as the horse, so they tried to hide from their 

 foes. But the horse was not so much afraid, so he ate when he 

 pleased for he could run fast and kick hard. Both horses and cows 

 retain many of the habits of their wild ancestors, when they are 

 allowed to roam freely over the wild plains. 



On which side of the cow should the milker sit? How many 

 toes has the cow? Put your hand on the nose of a cow, on the nose 

 of a horse, then on the nose of a dog and see whether they feel alike. 

 Are the rabbit's feet like the cow's? Does a rabbit chew its cud? 

 If you have a cow with black and white spots on its back, see which 

 are longer and coarser, the* black or the white hairs. How does the 

 hen chew its food? Do cows and horses use their tongues alike when 

 eating grass? When you examine a cow in the spring, you may 

 find hard lumps under the skin on its back. Ask your father what 

 they are and next winter tell us all that you can about them. 



As you study cows, we hope you will occasionally make drawings 

 of them. In Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, you will see illustrations made from 

 drawings sent by a member of Junior Naturalist Club 586 of Bain- 

 bridge, N. Y. This club is under the direction of Mr. H. H. 

 Lyon. 



