pure: milk. 27 



The two great essentials of a healthful stable are plenty of 

 sunlight and plenty of pure air. If possible, have the windows 

 so arranged that at some hour of the day, the direct rays of the 

 sun shall hit every foot of floor space. Sunlight is sure death 

 to disease germs and it is next to impossible to rid a stable of 

 tuberculosis without it. This is the chief objection to a base- 

 ment stable. Handy and convenient as they are, and capabL 

 of being well lighted and ventilated, it is still impossible for the 

 rays of the sun to reach the central portion of the floor space. 



A tie-up extending the whole length of the barn, especially 

 if on the south side, offers a better chance for the sunlight to 

 get in its effective work. 



But far better than either of these is the separate cattle barn 

 wing running out at right angles from the main barn, with a 

 plentiful supply of windows on three sides and with a monitoi 

 roof, also freely supplied with windows all of which are hingec. 

 to open by swinging inward for the purpose of ventilation, when 

 the winter system of ventilation is not in use. 



And this brings us to the consideration of that other necessity 

 for the production of pure milk, viz. pure air. The King system 

 or some modification of it is generally conceded to be the best 

 method of ventilating all buildings which are not artificially 

 heated or otherwise provided with mechanical appliances for 

 creating currents of air. The King system contemplates the 

 equalizing of the temperature by conserving the animal heat 

 while at the same time the air is changed with sufficient rapidity 

 to remove the poisonous gases and keep it sweet and pure. As 

 the successful working of the King system is contingent upon 

 having all openings closed, other than those provided by the 

 system itself for the intake of fresh air and the outlet of foul 

 air, it is especially adapted for winter use and for cold climates. 



To adapt the King system, therefore, to a tie-up running the 

 length of the barn, it is essential that the space between the cattle 

 and barn floor be boarded up and that the trap doors for feeding 

 shall be kept closed. If the wall in the rear of the cattle is 

 boarded to upright studding the space between two studs can 

 be boarded up for fresh air shafts. If the tie-up is already 

 sheathed on the inside, the cold air shafts are already made and 

 only need the necessary holes cut to admit the air. These holes 



