REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 305 



orchard that is kept pruned each year so that the sunlight can 

 get to all parts of the tree will be more likely to resist the attack, 

 although the spores might be present. 



For apple scab use Bordeaux mixture, first just before the 

 buds start, second after the petals fall, third ten days or two 

 weeks later, fourth in about the same time. In a dry season 

 there is not much trouble with scab. In a wet season several 

 sprayings may have to follow. 



Some apples appear to be immune from the scab. Others 

 such as the Fameuse, Milding, Mcintosh Red, etc., are very sus- 

 ceptible to the disease. 



Bitter-rot, Gloeosporium fructigenum, is a very serious apple 

 disease, standing next to the scab in importance. It appears 

 first as minute brown spots increasing in size as they mature. 

 The spots have a very bitter taste. The disease sometimes 

 causes much injury in fruit after it is packed, especially if tlie 

 apples have not been well sorted. 



Apple canker, Nectria ditissima, is a parasitic growth affect- 

 ing the bark of the trees, causing the death of the tissues. This 

 gradually spreads, the bark disintegrating and falling away, and 

 in time causes the wood to crack and decay, and eventually the 

 death of the tree. 



For canker cut out and scrape clean, being sure to remove all 

 dark colored portions of the live bark. Burn all of the material 

 removed. Paint over with copper sulphate, one pound to twen- 

 ty-five gallons of water. \\''hen dry apply a good coat of white 

 paint, followed by a second coat when the first has thoroughly 

 dried. 



Rust caused by cedars, bitter-rot, and leaf-blight may be con- 

 trolled with Bordeaux mixture. 



FUNGICIDE. 



Bordeaux Mixture — There have been so many experiments 

 conducted with the different strengths of this mixture it seems 

 wholly unnecessary to go into detail here. It is generally con- 

 ceded that the value of spraying varies with the weather condi- 

 tions at the time of the application more than in the strength of 

 the solution. In all conditions I think I would recommend the 

 3-3-50 formula as being the safest in the long run. Under 



20 



